问题:C Co uses material B, which has a current market price of $0·80 per kg. In a linear program, where the objective is to maximise profit, the shadow price of material B is $2 per kg. The following statements have been made:(i) Contribution will be increased by $2 for each additional kg of material B purchased at the current market price(ii) The maximum price which should be paid for an additional kg of material B is $2(iii) Contribution will be increased by $1·20 for each additional kg of material B purchased at the current market price(iv) The maximum price which should be paid for an additional kg of material B is $2·80Which of the above statements is/are correct?A.(ii) onlyB.(ii) and (iii)C.(i) onlyD.(i) and (iv)
查看答案
问题:5 You are an audit manager in Bartolome, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants. You have specific responsibilityfor undertaking annual reviews of existing clients and advising whether an engagement can be properly continued.The following matters have arisen in connection with recent assignments:(a) Leon Dormido is the senior in charge of the audit of the financial statements of Moreno, a limited liabilitycompany, for the year ending 30 June 2005. Moreno’s Chief Executive Officer, James Bay, has just sent you ane-mail to advise you that Leon has been short-listed for the position of Finance Director. You were not previouslyaware that Leon had applied for the position. (5 marks)Required:Comment on the ethical and other professional issues raised by each of the above matters and their implications,if any, for the continuation of each assignment.NOTE: The mark allocation is shown against each of the three issues.
问题:(c) Prepare brief notes for the proposed meeting with Charles and Jane. Clearly identify the further informationyou would need in order to advise them more fully and suggest appropriate personal financial planningprotection products, in respect of both death and serious illness. (9 marks)You should assume that the income tax rates and allowances for the tax year 2005/06 and the corporation taxrates for the financial year 2005 apply throughout this question.
问题:The following information is available for a manufacturing company which produces multiple products:(i) The product mix ratio(ii) Contribution to sales ratio for each product(iii) General fixed costs(iv) Method of apportioning general fixed costsWhich of the above are required in order to calculate the break-even sales revenue for the company?A.All of the aboveB.(i), (ii) and (iii) onlyC.(i), (iii) and (iv) onlyD.(ii) and (iii) only
问题:3 The Global Hotel Group (GHG) operates hotels in most of the developed countries throughout the world. The directorsof GHG are committed to a policy of achieving ‘growth’ in terms of geographical coverage and are now consideringbuilding and operating another hotel in Tomorrowland. Tomorrowland is a developing country which is situated 3,000kilometres from the country in which GHG’s nearest hotel is located.The managing director of GHG recently attended a seminar on ‘the use of strategic and economic information inplanning organisational performance’.He has called a board meeting to discuss the strategic and economic factors which should be considered before adecision is made to build the hotel in Tomorrowland.Required:(a) Discuss the strategic and economic factors which should be considered before a decision is made to buildthe hotel. (14 marks)
问题:(d) Explain the term ‘environmental management accounting’ and the benefits that may accrue to organisationswhich adopt it. (4 marks)
问题:5 Your manager has heard of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and how it has some relevance to motivational techniques.Required:(a) Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. (10 marks)
问题:Under certain circumstances, profits made on transactions between members of a group need to be eliminated from the consolidated financial statements under IFRS.Which of the following statements about intra-group profits in consolidated financial statements is/are correct?(i) The profit made by a parent on the sale of goods to a subsidiary is only realised when the subsidiary sells the goods to a third party(ii) Eliminating intra-group unrealised profits never affects non-controlling interests(iii) The profit element of goods supplied by the parent to an associate and held in year-end inventory must be eliminated in fullA.(i) onlyB.(i) and (ii)C.(ii) and (iii)D.(iii) only
问题:James died on 22 January 2015. He had made the following gifts during his lifetime:(1) On 9 October 2007, a cash gift of £35,000 to a trust. No lifetime inheritance tax was payable in respect of this gift.(2) On 14 May 2013, a cash gift of £420,000 to his daughter.(3) On 2 August 2013, a gift of a property valued at £260,000 to a trust. No lifetime inheritance tax was payable in respect of this gift because it was covered by the nil rate band. By the time of James’ death on 22 January 2015, the property had increased in value to £310,000.On 22 January 2015, James’ estate was valued at £870,000. Under the terms of his will, James left his entire estate to his children.The nil rate band of James’ wife was fully utilised when she died ten years ago.The nil rate band for the tax year 2007–08 is £300,000, and for the tax year 2013–14 it is £325,000.Required:(a) Calculate the inheritance tax which will be payable as a result of James’ death, and state who will be responsible for paying the tax. (6 marks)(b) Explain why it might have been beneficial for inheritance tax purposes if James had left a portion of his estate to his grandchildren rather than to his children. (2 marks)(c) Explain why it might be advantageous for inheritance tax purposes for a person to make lifetime gifts even when such gifts are made within seven years of death.Notes:1. Your answer should include a calculation of James’ inheritance tax saving from making the gift of property to the trust on 2 August 2013 rather than retaining the property until his death.2. You are not expected to consider lifetime exemptions in this part of the question. (2 marks)
问题:20 Which of the following events occurring after the balance sheet date are classified as adjusting, if material?1 The sale of inventories valued at cost at the balance sheet date for a figure in excess of cost.2 A valuation of land and buildings providing evidence of an impairment in value at the year end.3 The issue of shares and loan notes.4 The insolvency of a customer with a balance outstanding at the year end.A 1 and 3B 2 and 4C 2 and 3D 1 and 4
问题:5 The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is currently in a joint project with the Accounting StandardsBoard (ASB) in the UK and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the USA in the area of reportingfinancial performance/comprehensive income. The main focus of the project is the development of a single statementof comprehensive income to replace the income statement and statement of changes in equity. The objective is toanalyse all income and expenses and categorise them in a way that increases users’ understanding of the results ofan entity and assists in forming expectations of future income and expenditure. There seems to be some consensusthat the performance statement should be divided into three components being the results of operating activities,financing and treasury activities, and other gains and losses.Required:(a) Describe the reasons why the three accounting standards boards have decided to cooperate and produce asingle statement of financial performance. (8 marks)
问题:3 The directors of The Healthy Eating Group (HEG), a successful restaurant chain, which commenced trading in 1998,have decided to enter the sandwich market in Homeland, its country of operation. It has set up a separate operationunder the name of Healthy Sandwiches Co (HSC). A management team for HSC has been recruited via a recruitmentconsultancy which specialises in food sector appointments. Homeland has very high unemployment and the vastmajority of its workforce has no experience in a food manufacturing environment. HSC will commence trading on1 January 2008.The following information is available:(1) HSC has agreed to make and supply sandwiches to agreed recipes for the Superior Food Group (SFG) whichowns a chain of supermarkets in all towns and cities within Homeland. SFG insists that it selects the suppliersof the ingredients that are used in making the sandwiches it sells and therefore HSC would be unable to reducethe costs of the ingredients used in the sandwiches. HSC will be the sole supplier for SFG.(2) The number of sandwiches sold per year in Homeland is 625 million. SFG has a market share of 4%.(3) The average selling price of all sandwiches sold by SFG is $2·40. SFG wishes to make a mark-up of 331/3% onall sandwiches sold. 90% of all sandwiches sold by SFG are sold before 2 pm each day. The majority of theremaining 10% are sold after 8 pm. It is the intention that all sandwiches are sold on the day that they aredelivered into SFG’s supermarkets.(4) The finance director of HSC has estimated that the average cost of ingredients per sandwich is $0·70. Allsandwiches are made by hand.(5) Packaging and labelling costs amount to $0·15 per sandwich.(6) Fixed overheads have been estimated to amount to $5,401,000 per annum. Note that fixed overheads includeall wages and salaries costs as all employees are subject to fixed term employment contracts.(7) Distribution costs are expected to amount to 8% of HSC’s revenue.(8) The finance director of HSC has stated that he believes the target sales margin of 32% can be achieved, althoughhe is concerned about the effect that an increase in the cost of all ingredients would have on the forecast profits(assuming that all other revenue/cost data remains unchanged).(9) The existing management information system of HEG was purchased at the time that HEG commenced trading.The directors are now considering investing in an enterprise resource planning system (ERPS).Required:(a) Using only the above information, show how the finance director of HSC reached his conclusion regardingthe expected sales margin and also state whether he was correct to be concerned about an increase in theprice of ingredients. (5 marks)
问题:You are the audit manager of Chestnut & Co and are reviewing the key issues identified in the files of two audit clients.Palm Industries Co (Palm)Palm’s year end was 31 March 2015 and the draft financial statements show revenue of $28·2 million, receivables of $5·6 million and profit before tax of $4·8 million. The fieldwork stage for this audit has been completed.A customer of Palm owed an amount of $350,000 at the year end. Testing of receivables in April highlighted that no amounts had been paid to Palm from this customer as they were disputing the quality of certain goods received from Palm. The finance director is confident the issue will be resolved and no allowance for receivables was made with regards to this balance.Ash Trading Co (Ash)Ash is a new client of Chestnut & Co, its year end was 31 January 2015 and the firm was only appointed auditors in February 2015, as the previous auditors were suddenly unable to undertake the audit. The fieldwork stage for this audit is currently ongoing.The inventory count at Ash’s warehouse was undertaken on 31 January 2015 and was overseen by the company’s internal audit department. Neither Chestnut & Co nor the previous auditors attended the count. Detailed inventory records were maintained but it was not possible to undertake another full inventory count subsequent to the year end.The draft financial statements show a profit before tax of $2·4 million, revenue of $10·1 million and inventory of $510,000.Required:For each of the two issues:(i) Discuss the issue, including an assessment of whether it is material;(ii) Recommend ONE procedure the audit team should undertake to try to resolve the issue; and(iii) Describe the impact on the audit report if the issue remains UNRESOLVED.Notes:1 The total marks will be split equally between each of the two issues.2 Audit report extracts are NOT required.
问题:In 2014 Mr Yuan inherited an estate of RMB2 million from his uncle who had died two months earlier.What is the correct treatment of the estate income for individual income tax purposes?A.The estate income is not taxableB.The estate income will be taxed as occasional (ad hoc) incomeC.The estate income will be taxed as other incomeD.The estate income will be taxed as service income
问题:3 Johan, a public limited company, operates in the telecommunications industry. The industry is capital intensive withheavy investment in licences and network infrastructure. Competition in the sector is fierce and technologicaladvances are a characteristic of the industry. Johan has responded to these factors by offering incentives to customersand, in an attempt to acquire and retain them, Johan purchased a telecom licence on 1 December 2006 for$120 million. The licence has a term of six years and cannot be used until the network assets and infrastructure areready for use. The related network assets and infrastructure became ready for use on 1 December 2007. Johan couldnot operate in the country without the licence and is not permitted to sell the licence. Johan expects its subscriberbase to grow over the period of the licence but is disappointed with its market share for the year to 30 November2008. The licence agreement does not deal with the renewal of the licence but there is an expectation that theregulator will grant a single renewal for the same period of time as long as certain criteria regarding network buildquality and service quality are met. Johan has no experience of the charge that will be made by the regulator for therenewal but other licences have been renewed at a nominal cost. The licence is currently stated at its original cost of$120 million in the statement of financial position under non-current assets.Johan is considering extending its network and has carried out a feasibility study during the year to 30 November2008. The design and planning department of Johan identified five possible geographical areas for the extension ofits network. The internal costs of this study were $150,000 and the external costs were $100,000 during the yearto 30 November 2008. Following the feasibility study, Johan chose a geographical area where it was going to installa base station for the telephone network. The location of the base station was dependent upon getting planningpermission. A further independent study has been carried out by third party consultants in an attempt to provide apreferred location in the area, as there is a need for the optimal operation of the network in terms of signal qualityand coverage. Johan proposes to build a base station on the recommended site on which planning permission hasbeen obtained. The third party consultants have charged $50,000 for the study. Additionally Johan has paid$300,000 as a single payment together with $60,000 a month to the government of the region for access to the landupon which the base station will be situated. The contract with the government is for a period of 12 years andcommenced on 1 November 2008. There is no right of renewal of the contract and legal title to the land remains withthe government.Johan purchases telephone handsets from a manufacturer for $200 each, and sells the handsets direct to customersfor $150 if they purchase call credit (call card) in advance on what is called a prepaid phone. The costs of selling thehandset are estimated at $1 per set. The customers using a prepaid phone pay $21 for each call card at the purchasedate. Call cards expire six months from the date of first sale. There is an average unused call credit of $3 per cardafter six months and the card is activated when sold.Johan also sells handsets to dealers for $150 and invoices the dealers for those handsets. The dealer can return thehandset up to a service contract being signed by a customer. When the customer signs a service contract, thecustomer receives the handset free of charge. Johan allows the dealer a commission of $280 on the connection of acustomer and the transaction with the dealer is settled net by a payment of $130 by Johan to the dealer being thecost of the handset to the dealer ($150) deducted from the commission ($280). The handset cannot be soldseparately by the dealer and the service contract lasts for a 12 month period. Dealers do not sell prepaid phones, andJohan receives monthly revenue from the service contract.The chief operating officer, a non-accountant, has asked for an explanation of the accounting principles and practiceswhich should be used to account for the above events.Required:Discuss the principles and practices which should be used in the financial year to 30 November 2008 to accountfor:(a) the licences; (8 marks)
问题:Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attemptedPerkin manufactures electronic components for export worldwide, from factories in Ceeland, for use in smartphones and hand held gaming devices. These two markets are supplied with similar components by two divisions, Phones Division (P) and Gaming Division (G). Each division has its own selling, purchasing, IT and research and development functions, but separate IT systems. Some manufacturing facilities, however, are shared between the two divisions.Perkin’s corporate objective is to maximise shareholder wealth through innovation and continuous technological improvement in its products. The manufacturers of smartphones and gaming devices, who use Perkin’s components, update their products frequently and constantly compete with each other to launch models which are technically superior.Perkin has a well-established incremental budgeting process. Divisional managers forecast sales volumes and costs months in advance of the budget year. These divisional budgets are then scrutinised by the main board, and revised significantly by them in line with targets they have set for the business. The finalised budgets are often approved after the start of the accounting year. Under pressure to deliver consistent returns to institutional shareholders, the board does not tolerate failure by either division to achieve the planned net profit for the year once the budget is approved. Last year’s results were poor compared to the annual budget. Divisional managers, who are appraised on the financial performance of their own division, have complained about the length of time that the budgeting process takes and that the performance of their divisions could have been better but was constrained by the budgets which were set for them.In P Division, managers had failed to anticipate the high popularity of a new smartphone model incorporating a large screen designed for playing games, and had not made the necessary technical modifications to the division’s own components. This was due to the high costs of doing so, which had not been budgeted for. Based on the original sales forecast, P Division had already committed to manufacturing large quantities of the existing version of the component and so had to heavily discount these in order to achieve the planned sales volumes.A critical material in the manufacture of Perkin’s products is silver, which is a commodity which changes materially in price according to worldwide supply and demand. During the year supplies of silver were reduced significantly for a short period of time and G Division paid high prices to ensure continued supply. Managers of G Division were unaware that P Division held large inventories of silver which they had purchased when the price was much lower.Initially, G Division accurately forecasted demand for its components based on the previous years’ sales volumes plus the historic annual growth rate of 5%. However, overall sales volumes were much lower than budgeted. This was due to a fire at the factory of their main customer, which was then closed for part of the year. Reacting to this news, managers at G Division took action to reduce costs, including closing one of the three R&D facilities in the division.However, when the customer’s factory reopened, G Division was unwilling to recruit extra staff to cope with increased demand; nor would P Division re-allocate shared manufacturing facilities to them, in case demand increased for its own products later in the year. As a result, Perkin lost the prestigious preferred supplier status from their main customer who was unhappy with G Division’s failure to effectively respond to the additional demand. The customer had been forced to purchase a more expensive, though technically superior, component from an alternative manufacturer.The institutional shareholders’ representative, recently appointed to the board, has asked you as a performance management expert for your advice. ‘We need to know whether Perkin’s budgeting process is appropriate for the business, and how this contributed to last year’s poor performance’, she said, ‘and more importantly, how do we need to change the process to prevent this happening in the future, such as a move to beyond budgeting.’Required:(a) Evaluate the weaknesses in Perkin’s current budgeting system and whether it is suitable for the environment in which Perkin operates. (13 marks)(b) Evaluate the impact on Perkin of moving to beyond budgeting. (12 marks)
问题:Which of the following statements relating to internal and external auditors is correct?A.Internal auditors are required to be members of a professional bodyB.Internal auditors’ scope of work should be determined by those charged with governanceC.External auditors report to those charged with governanceD.Internal auditors can never be independent of the company
问题:You are an audit manager at Rockwell & Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants. You are responsible for the audit of the Hopper Group, a listed audit client which supplies ingredients to the food and beverage industry worldwide.The audit work for the year ended 30 June 2015 is nearly complete, and you are reviewing the draft audit report which has been prepared by the audit senior. During the year the Hopper Group purchased a new subsidiary company, Seurat Sweeteners Co, which has expertise in the research and design of sugar alternatives. The draft financial statements of the Hopper Group for the year ended 30 June 2015 recognise profit before tax of $495 million (2014 – $462 million) and total assets of $4,617 million (2014: $4,751 million). An extract from the draft audit report is shown below:Basis of modified opinion (extract)In their calculation of goodwill on the acquisition of the new subsidiary, the directors have failed to recognise consideration which is contingent upon meeting certain development targets. The directors believe that it is unlikely that these targets will be met by the subsidiary company and, therefore, have not recorded the contingent consideration in the cost of the acquisition. They have disclosed this contingent liability fully in the notes to the financial statements. We do not feel that the directors’ treatment of the contingent consideration is correct and, therefore, do not believe that the criteria of the relevant standard have been met. If this is the case, it would be appropriate to adjust the goodwill balance in the statement of financial position.We believe that any required adjustment may materially affect the goodwill balance in the statement of financial position. Therefore, in our opinion, the financial statements do not give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Hopper Group and of the Hopper Group’s financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.Emphasis of Matter ParagraphWe draw attention to the note to the financial statements which describes the uncertainty relating to the contingent consideration described above. The note provides further information necessary to understand the potential implications of the contingency.Required:(a) Critically appraise the draft audit report of the Hopper Group for the year ended 30 June 2015, prepared by the audit senior.Note: You are NOT required to re-draft the extracts from the audit report. (10 marks)(b) The audit of the new subsidiary, Seurat Sweeteners Co, was performed by a different firm of auditors, Fish Associates. During your review of the communication from Fish Associates, you note that they were unable to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence with regard to the breakdown of research expenses. The total of research costs expensed by Seurat Sweeteners Co during the year was $1·2 million. Fish Associates has issued a qualified audit opinion on the financial statements of Seurat Sweeteners Co due to this inability to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence.Required:Comment on the actions which Rockwell & Co should take as the auditor of the Hopper Group, and the implications for the auditor’s report on the Hopper Group financial statements. (6 marks)(c) Discuss the quality control procedures which should be carried out by Rockwell & Co prior to the audit report on the Hopper Group being issued. (4 marks)
问题:The town of Brighttown in Euraria has a mayor (elected every five years by the people in the town) who is responsible for, amongst other things, the transport policy of the town.A year ago, the mayor (acting as project sponsor) instigated a ‘traffic lite’ project to reduce traffic congestion at traffic lights in the town. Rather than relying on fixed timings, he suggested that a system should be implemented which made the traffic lights sensitive to traffic flow. So, if a queue built up, then the lights would automatically change to green (go). The mayor suggested that this would have a number of benefits. Firstly, it would reduce harmful emissions at the areas near traffic lights and, secondly, it would improve the journey times for all vehicles, leading to drivers ‘being less stressed’. He also cited evidence from cities overseas where predictable journey times had been attractive to flexible companies who could set themselves up anywhere in the country. He felt that the new system would attract such companies to the town.The Eurarian government has a transport regulation agency called OfRoad. Part of OfRoad’s responsibilities is to monitor transport investments and it was originally critical of the Brighttown ‘traffic lite’ project because the project’s benefits were intangible and lacked credibility. The business case did not include a quantitative cost/benefit analysis. OfRoad has itself published a benefits management process which classifies benefits in the following way.Financial: A financial benefit can be confidently allocated in advance of the project. Thus if the investment will save $90,000 per year in staff costs then this is a financial benefit.Quantifiable: A quantifiable benefit is a benefit where there is sufficient credible evidence to suggest, in advance, how much benefit will result from the project. This benefit may be financial or non-financial. For example, energy savings from a new building might be credibly predicted in advance. However, the exact amount of savings cannot be accurately forecast.Measurable benefit: A measurable benefit is a benefit which can only be confidently assessed post-implementation, and so cannot be reliably predicted in advance. Increase in sales from a particular initiative is an example of a measurable benefit. Measurable benefits may either be financial or non-financial.Observable benefit: An observable benefit is a benefit which a specific individual or group will decide, using agreed criteria, has been realised or not. Such benefits are usually non-financial. Improved staff morale might be an example of an observable benefit.One month ago, the mayoral elections saw the election of a new mayor with a completely distinct transport policy with different objectives. She wishes to address traffic congestion by attracting commuters away from their cars and onto public transport. Part of her policy is a traffic light system which gives priority to buses. The town council owns the buses which operate in the town and they have invested heavily in buses which are comfortable and have significantly lower emissions than the conventional cars used by most people in the town. The new mayor wishes to improve the frequency, punctuality and convenience of these buses, so that they tempt people away from using their cars. This will require more buses and more bus crews, a requirement which the mayor presents as ‘being good for the unemployment rate in this town’. It will also help the bus service meet the punctuality service level which it published three years ago, but has never yet met. ‘A reduction in cars and an increase in buses will help us meet our target’, the mayor claims.The mayor has also suggested a number of initiatives to discourage people from taking their cars into the town. She intends to sell two car parks for housing land (raising $325,000) and this will reduce car park capacity from 1,000 to 800 car spaces per day. She also intends to raise the daily parking fee from $3 to $4. Car park occupancy currently stands at 95% (it is difficult to achieve 100% for technical reasons) and the same occupancy rate is expected when the car park capacity is reduced.The new mayor believes that her policy signals the fact that Brighttown is serious about its green credentials. ‘This’, she says, ‘will attract green consumers to come and live in our town and green companies to set up here. These companies and consumers will bring great benefit to our community.’ To emphasise this, she has set up a Go Green team to encourage green initiatives in the town.The ‘traffic lite’ project to tackle congestion proposed by the former mayor is still in the development stage. The new mayor believes that this project can be modified to deliver her vision and still be ready on the date promised by her predecessor.Required:(a) A ‘terms of reference’ (project initiation document, project charter) was developed for the ‘traffic lite’ project to reduce traffic congestion.Discuss what changes will have to be made to this ‘terms of reference’ (project initiation document, project charter) to reflect the new mayor’s vision of the project. (5 marks)(b) The new mayor wishes to re-define the business case for the project, using the benefits categorisation suggested by OfRoad. Identify costs and benefits for the revised project, classifying each benefit using the guidance provided by OfRoad. (14 marks)(c) Stakeholder management is the prime responsibility of the project manager.Discuss the appropriate management of each of the following three stakeholders identified in the revised (modified) project.(i) The new mayor;(ii) OfRoad;(iii) A private motorist in Brighttown who uses his vehicle to commute to his job in the town. (6 marks)
问题:11 Which of the following statements are correct?1 A company might make a rights issue if it wished to raise more equity capital.2 A rights issue might increase the share premium account whereas a bonus issue is likely to reduce it.3 A bonus issue will reduce the gearing (leverage) ratio of a company.4 A rights issue will always increase the number of shareholders in a company whereas a bonus issue will not.A 1 and 2B 1 and 3C 2 and 3D 2 and 4