单选题Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time______ .A when he first introduced itB that he first introduced itC he first introduced D which he first introduced it

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单选题

Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time______ .

when he first introduced it

that he first introduced it

he first introduced

which he first introduced it

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第1题：

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.

The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations, and Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

11.What makes a scientist according to the passage? ________

A.The tools he uses.

B.The way he uses his tools.

C.His ways of learning.

D.The various tools he uses.

12.The underlined part in the passage shows_______.

A.the importance of information

B.the importance of thinking

C.the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D.the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs

13.A sound scientific theory should be one that _________.

A.works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times

B.does not allow any changes even under different conditions

C.can be used for many purposes

D.leaves no room for improvement

14.The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate __________.

A.that measurements are keys to success in science

B.that accuracy of mathematics

C.that investigations are important in science

D.that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations

15.What is the main idea of the passage? ________

A.The theory of relativity.

B.Exactness is the core of science.

C.Scientists are different from ordinary people.

D.Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

参考答案：BCACD

第2题：

It's hard to believe that some old textbooks ( ) ten years ago ( ) in our university today.

A、publishing/ are been used

B、published/ are using

C、published/ are being used

D、having been published/ are being used

参考答案：B

第3题：

Which theory(s) prescribes a form. of participative management?

A . theory X

B . theory Y

C . theory Z

D . A or B

E . B or C

正确答案：B

第4题：

Albert Einstein, the author of the Theory of Relativity, made a () contribution to physics in the twentieth century. .

A.separated
B.separate
C.significant
D.severe

答案：C

解析：

爱因斯坦一一相对论的作者，对二十世纪的物理学有极重大的买献

第5题：

共用题干
Albert Einstein,whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe,was chosen as"Person of the Century"by Time Magazine on Sunday.
A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius,Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific thought that set the stage for the age of technology.
"The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic,but technological一technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science,"wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein's significance._________(46)
Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism,and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.
"What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism,Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights,and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom."said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.
Einstein was born in Ulm,Germany in 1879._________(47)He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school.He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.
In 1905,however,he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history._________(48)Everything else一mass,weight,space,even time itself—is a variable.And he offered the world his now-famous equation:energy equals mass times the speed of light squared,E=mc².
_________(49)"There was less faith in absolutes,not only of time and space but also of truth and morality."
Einstein's famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons.In 1939,six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University,Einstein,an avowed pacifist,signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did.________(50)Einstein did not work on the project.
Einstein died in Princeton,New Jersey in 1955.

________（46）
A:"Indirectly,relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality,art and politics," isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time's choices.
B:How he thought of the relativity theory influenced the general public's view about Albert Einstein.
C:"Clearly,no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein."
D:Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the"Manhattan Project"that secretly developed the first atomic weapon.
E:In his early years,Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become.
F:In his"Special Theory of Relativity",Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.

答案：C

解析：

本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。这篇文章主要是在介绍爱因斯坦，空格位于文章的前半部分（第三段），因此判断在空格处很可能出现总结概述爱因斯坦的影响的句子，而且空格前句中有advances，与选项C中的those advances呼应。因此判断选项C（很明显，没有哪个科学家能比爱因斯坦更好地代表这些科学成就）正确。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。本段简要介绍爱因斯坦早年的情况。E说：“爱因斯坦在小时候并未显示出日后会成为大科学家的任何天赋。”而紧接的后一句话实际上是对E的详细解释。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。本段主要介绍爱因斯坦提出的相对论。第一句话告诉我们1905年的时候爱因斯坦发表了一个有史以来最复杂的理论，第三、四句则是具体解释相对论，F说：“在‘特殊相对论’中，爱因斯坦描述了为什么宇宙中唯一恒定的是光速。”由此看来，F放在此处最合适。故答案为F项。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。借助空格后的句意“人们不太相信绝对的东西，不仅对时间和空间的绝对性提出了质疑，而且对（以往所接受的）真理和道德也提出了质疑。”因此选A。
本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。空格后出现了“这个计划”，而选项D中出现的“曼哈顿计划”与之相呼应，因此判断选项D是答案。

第6题：

We do not yet fully understand the implications of Einstein's______(relate)theory.

正确答案：
relativity[解析] relativity theory：相对论。

第7题：

Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his ( )to Quantum Theory(量子论).

A. contribution

B. sacrifice

C. devotion

D. aggression

参考答案：A

第8题：

The 19th－century novelists took the irrational philosophy and Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis as their theoretical base.()

此题为判断题(对，错)。

参考答案：错误

第9题：

Einstein's Theory of Relativity was so profound that only a few scientists could understand it.

A: deep
B: superior
C: wide
D: narrow

答案：A

解析：

句意：爱因斯坦的相对论是如此的深奥，以至于只有少数科学家能够理解。pro-found意为“深刻的，深奥的”，与deep（深远的，深奥）意思相近。superior意为“较高的，较好的”;wide意为“宽的”;narrow意为“窄的”。

第10题：

共用题干
Albert Einstein's Brain

1.It doesn't take an Einstein to recognize that Albert Einstein's brain was very different from yours and mine.The gray matter housed inside that shaggy head managed to revolutionize our concepts of time,space,motion一the very foundations of physical reality一not just once but several times during his astonishing career. Yet while there clearly had to be something remarkable about Einstein's brain,the pathologist who removed it from the great physicist's skull after his death reported that the organ was,to all appearances,well within the normal range一no bigger or heavier than anyone else's.
2.But a new analysis of Einstein's brain by Canadian scientists,reported in the current Lancet, reveals that it has some distinctive physical characteristics after all. A portion of the brain that governs mathematical ability and spatial reasoning一two key ingredients to the sort of thinking Einstein did best一was significantly larger than average and may also have had more interconnections among its cells,which could have allowed them to work together more effectively.
3.In 1996,Harvey gave much of his data and a significant fraction of the tissue itself to Dr. Sandra Witelson,a neuroscientist who maintains a"brain bank"at McMaster for comparative studies of brain structure and function.These normal,undiseased brains,willed to science by people whose intelligence had been carefully measured before death, gave Witelson a solid set of benchmarks against which to measure the seat of Einstein's brilliant thoughts.Not only was Einstein's inferior parietal region unusually bulky the scientists found,but a feature called the Sylvian fissure was much smaller than average.Without this groove that normally slices through the tissue,the brain cells were packed close together,permitting more interconnections一which in principle can permit more cross-referencing of information and idea, leading to great leaps of insight.
4.That's the idea,anyway.But while it's quite plausible according to current neurological theory,that doesn't necessarily,make it true.We know Einstein was a genius,and we now know that his brain was physically different from the average.But none of this proves a cause-and-effect relationship."What you really need,"says McLean's Benes,"is to look at the brains of a number of mathematical geniuses to see if the same abnormalities are present."
5.Even if they are,it's possible that the bulked一up brains are a result of strenuous mental exercise,not an inherent feature that makes genius possible.Bottom line:we still don't know whether Einstein was born with an extraordinary mind or whether he earned it,one brilliant idea at a time.

Paragraph 3________
A:The Information
B:The Different in Structure
C:The Conclusion
D:The Research in Einstein's Brain
E:Normal Brain in Size and Weight

答案：D

解析：

第一段简单介绍了爱因斯坦作出的巨大贡献以及其无异于常人的大脑。
尽管爱因斯坦大脑的容量和常人差别不大，但其结构却有所不同。
该段详细介绍了围绕爱因斯坦大脑的不同研究。
文章的结论部分，即我们还是不清楚爱因斯坦是先天有一个聪明的大脑，还是他后天努力的结果。
爱因斯坦的大脑在大小和重量上和常人相同。
爱因斯坦到底是天生就有一个卓越的大脑还是后天得来的，我们无处知道。
独特的大脑结构使得脑细胞能够更有效地合作。
第四段的第二句是“while it's quite plausible...that doesn't necessarily make it true"，所以选A。

Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at th

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