单选题As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy ______.A the companies pay mere attention to moneyB the companies care mere about productionC the companies have great emphasis on finished productsD the companies don’t know what to do

单选题In a planned economy it was often difficult to secure spare parts,A so many companies manufacture them all by themselves.B so many companies have to stop the production lines while waiting.C so many companies place large orders for emergencies.D so many companies feel quite headache about this problem.

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America's highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company"CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A.The growth in the number of corporations B.The general pay rise with a better economy C.Increased business opportunities for top firms D.Close cooperation among leading economies

单选题What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?A In both East and West, names are essential to success.B The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.C Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.D Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

问答题Practice 4　　In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they’re looking for.　　Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,” says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research.

Text 3 Disruption may bc the buzzword in boardrooms,but the most striking feature of business today is not the overturning of the established order.It is the stabilisation of a group of superstar companies at the heart of the global economy.Some are emerging-market champions,like Samsung,which have seized the opportunities provided by globalisation.The elite of the elite are high-tech wizards-Google,Apple,Facebook and the rest-that have conjured up corporate empires from bits and bytes.The superstars are admirable in many ways.They churn out products that improve consumers'lives,from smarter smartphones to sharper televisions.They provide Americans and Europeans with an estimated$280 billion-worth of"free"services-such as search or directions-a year.But they have two big faults.They are squashing competition,and they are using the darker arts of management to stay ahead.Neither is easy to solve.But failing to do so risks a backlash which will be bad for everyone.Bulking up is a global trend.The annual number of mergers and acquisitions is more than twice what it was in the 1990s.But concentration is at its most worrying in America.The share of GDP generated by America's 100 biggest companies rose from about 33%in 1994 t0 46%in 2013.In the home of the entrepreneur,the number of startups js lower than it has been at any time since the 1970s.More firms are dying than being bom.Founders dream of selling their firms to one of the giants rather than of building their own titans.The weight of the superstars also reflects their excellence at less productive activities.About 30%of global foreign direct investment（FDl）flows through tax havens,big companies routinely use"transfer pricing"to pretend that profits generated in one part of the world are in fact made in another.None of this helps the image of big business.Paying tax seems to be unavoidable for individuals but optional for firms.Rules are unbending for citizens,and up for negotiation when it comes to companies.Nor do profits translate into jobs as once they did.In 1990 the top three carmakers in Detroit had a market capitalisation of$36 billion and l.2 million employees.In 2014 the top three firms in Silicon Valley,with a market capitalisation ofover$l trillion,had only 137,000 employees.So,by all means celebrate the astonishing achievements of today's superstar companies.But also watch them.The world needs a healthy dose of competition to keep today's giants on their toes and to give those in their shadow a chance to grow. The author's attitude towards superstar companies could be——A.supportive B.critical C.conservative D.subjective

单选题Where the words “without support from major record companies” are, the context reads that music broadcast programsrecord companies.A must have the support ofB require the participation ofC may enlist the assistance ofD should enter partnership with

单选题In a planned economy it was often difficult to secure spare parts, ______.A so many companies manufacture them all by themselvesB so many companies have to stop the production lines while waitingC so many companies place large orders for emergenciesD so many companies feel quite headache about this problem

单选题Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because _____.A these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computersB these computers could not do the work that small computers can do todayC these computers did not come onto the marketD these companies did not need to use this new technology

单选题Why do companies adopt just-in-time inventory system?A They try to keep their inventory of spare parts as low as possible.B The can save lots of money.C It’s a mere efficient method of operating.D A, B. and C.

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of America's highest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company"CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.Compared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to______A.foster a stronger sense of teamwork B.finance more research and development C.establish closer ties with tech companies D.operate more globalized companies

单选题As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy ______.A the companies pay mere attention to moneyB the companies care mere about productionC the companies have great emphasis on finished productsD the companies don’t know what to do

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