问答题Passage 1  In the 16th and 17th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education. Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought. He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theo

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Passage 1  In the 16th and 17th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education. Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought. He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius. (1) He recommended that instruction start with the general and then move to the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses. He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we have an opportunity to teach; and that parents have a role to play in the schooling of their children.  The contributions of one of our many ancestors often are overlooked, yet Juan Luis Vives wrote very much as a contemporary educational psychologist might in the first part of the 16th century. (2) He stated to teachers and others with educational responsibilities, such as those in government and commerce, that there should be an orderly presentation of the facts to be learned, and in this way he anticipated Herbart and 19th-centry psychologists. He noted that what is to be learned must be practiced, and in this way he anticipated Thorndike’s Law of Exercise. He wrote on practical knowledge and the need to engage student interest, anticipating Dewey. (3) He wrote about individual differences and about the need to adjust instruction for all students, and anticipated the work of educational and school psychologists in the area of special education. He discussed the school’s role in moral growth, anticipating the work of Dewey, Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan. He wrote about learning being dependent on self-activity, a precursor to contemporary research on meta-cognition, where the ways in which the self monitors its own activities are studied. Finally, (4) Vives anticipated both the contemporary motivational theorists who avoid social comparisons and those researchers who find the harmful elements of norm-referenced testing to outweigh their advantages, by writing about the need for students to be evaluated on the basis of their own past accomplishments and not in comparison with other students. (5) Thus, long before we claimed our professional identity, there were individuals thinking intelligently about what we would eventually Call educational psychology, preparing the way for the scientific study of education.
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相似问题和答案

第1题:

What does the passage tell about the woman?

A.Her name is Lucy.

B.She was called‘the Elephant Lady’.

C.She helped a tiger,a lion and two bears.


正确答案:B

第2题:

According to the third paragraph ,which of the following is true?

[ A] Five percent of American college students learnt Latin texts.

[ B] Students in New England learnt Latin texts in official organizations.

[ C] Students were compelled to learn modern European languages.

[ D] American college students had to learn Latin grammar by heart.


正确答案:B
60.B【精析】该题为细节题。根据第三段第三句“As recently as the last century, when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorize and recite various Latin texts...”我们知道,上世纪美国只有不到5%的人接受大学教育,而只有新英格兰教育机构的学生们被强迫记忆及背诵各类拉丁文课文,故A、D项错误;根据A 项的分析我们知道,新英格兰的学生在教育机构学习拉丁文课文,教育机构属于官方组织,故B项正确;根据第三段第三句“… crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scien- tific discoveries or modern European languages。”我们知道,脾气暴躁的大学教授愤怒的反对引进任何新科学发现或者现代欧洲语言,故C项错误。

第3题:

What can we learn from the passage?

A. Faye Wong and Li Yapeng don’t like their daughter.

B. More than 7 people’s eyes were cured thanks to Cong Fei’s Cornea.

C. Guan Mucun was once helped by the government and her neighbours.

D. Jackie Chan didn’t have chance to visit the people he helped.


正确答案:C

第4题:

Passage One

One of the well-known of American writers is Samuel Clemens, whose pen name is Mark Twain. Bom in 1835, Twain grew up in the Mississippi River town of Hannibal, Missouri. As did many other boys of his day,

Twain dreamed of traveling on river boats and of someday becoming a riverboat pilot. Twain used his memories of the life of a river town in his two most famous books, Huckleberry Finn and Torn Sawyer.

As a young man, Twain held many jobs. He was a printer, a good miner, and, for a time, he was a riverboat pilot. During his pilot days, he adopted the name Mark Twain. This was a term used by the boatmen to mean that the water measured two fathoms, or twelve feet, which was deep enough for safe passage.

Finally Twain became a successful writer. He traveled a great deal, writing and speaking, and became very popular both in the United States and in Europe.

Twain's style. of writing was simple and direct. Among the things he wrote about were superstitious (迷信的) people and people who were easily fooled. He used his unusual gift for humor to write about many things of importance.

36. Generally speaking, this article is about______.

A. a riverboat pilot

B. a printer

C. a gold miner

D. a famous writer


正确答案:D

这篇文章讲的是Mark Twain的故事,他是美国著名的作家。参见第一句。

第5题:

Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?

[A] Democratic ideas started with education.

[B] Federalists were opposed to education.

[C] New education helped confirm people’s social status.

[D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.


正确答案:D

本题是推理引申题。文章第一段第一句指出,随着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展以及随之而来的联邦主义机构的削弱,一种新的教育观念出现了。接下来的内容主要是围绕这种新的教育观念展开论述。从第一句话中可以得知,是民主权利的扩展带来了新的教育观念的产生,[A]项颠倒了二者的先后顺序,应排除。文中提到“新”的教育观念是在联邦主义机构削弱的情况下产生的。由此只能得出,新的教育观念与联邦主义有些冲突,并不能得出联邦主义者反对整个教育即[B]项的结论。第二句作者指出,教育不再是对人们先前存在的地位的确定,而成了获得更高地位的手段。[C]项与文意相悖,因此不正确。通过该句“不再”(no longer)可以推断出,从前的教育可以确定人们的社会地位,因此[D]项为正确答案。

第6题:

Aristotle and Plato in ancient Greece wrote about problems of wealth, property, and trade, both of whom were prejudiced against commerce, feeling that to live by trade was undesirable.


正确答案:

译文:古希腊的亚里士多德和柏图都在著作中谈到财富、财产和贸易问题,两人都对商业持有偏见,认为靠生意来谋生是不足取的。

本题考核的知识点是:定语从句、分词做状语。

主句是Aristotle and wrote about problems …,后面接有both of whom引导的定语从句,采用拆译法单独成句。句子最后的分词结构feeling that …在定语从句中做状语,翻译时也应单独成句,that后引导的是宾语从句,做feeling的宾语。

词汇方面:be prejudiced against意为“对…有偏见”,undesirable意为“不想要的,不得人心的”。

第7题:

This passage implies that ______.

A) buying a false degree is not moral

B) personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools

C) most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school

D) society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications


正确答案:D
答案:D
[试题分析]事实理解题。
[详细解答]作者谈论文章中的问题时,并未对欺骗者作过多的谴责,而是着重写了此问题产生的社会根源,显然其用意就是说明社会更应对此问题负责。因此,D应为正确答案。

第8题:

The two taxi drivers were both honest.


正确答案:×
B

第9题:

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

[A] Flu vaccines now mainly use egg-based technology.

[B] A bird influenza has once circulated among humans.

[C] Safety can be greatly improved with cell-culture vaccines.

[D] Modern vaccine production methods are to replace egg-based methods.


正确答案:A

第10题:

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?
demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's LQ. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
?The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that__________.

A.human brains differ considerably
B.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
D.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

答案:C
解析:
能够体现主旨的最好论述是C项,即环境在决定一个人智力高低上面起关键性作用。

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