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As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can’t remember___1___we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old

题目
As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can’t remember___1___we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintance’s name,or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain___2___,we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.”___3___seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n）___4___impact on our professional,social,and personal___5___.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.It___6___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental___7___can significantly improve our basic cognitive___8___.Thinking is essentially a___9___of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to___10___in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.___11___,because these connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate___12___mental effort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step___13___and developed the first“brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental___14___.The Web-based program___15___you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The program keeps___16___of your progress and provides detailed feedback___17___your performance and improvement.Most importantly,it___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to___19___on the strengths you are developing—much like a（n）___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.（4）选？

A.uneven
B.limited
C.damaging
D.obscure
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion？

A.They are often ignored by fashion designers .

B. They are now more easily influenced by stars .

C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion .

D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age .


正确答案：B

第2题：

The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.

In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex (前额叶脑皮层). Brian scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if you’ve ever dialed (拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency (效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform. only one task at a time.

Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes.

We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.

49. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?

A. To make them more productive.

B. To reduce their stress and anxiety.

C. To develop their communication skills.

D. To help them perform. daily tasks more easily.


正确答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者提出：“In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time.”，之后用although引出转折，这种训练有时并不能productive。所以选择A。有部分人认为这种大脑的训练能够帮助他们高效的工作。

第3题：

28． The number of listeners is becoming larger because

__________．

A． the radio is easy to carry

B． the radio is good for blind people and many old people

C． the radio can be used at any time

D．A，B and C


正确答案：D
28.D【解析】由第三段可知选D。

第4题：

共用题干
Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive
today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because
more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.

It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures______.
A: it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive
B: infants could be left dead in times of starvation
C: parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children
D: death was considered to be freedom from hardships

答案：B
解析：
题干意为“作者认为造成人口爆炸的原因是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息短语population explosion作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion．该句意为 “事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导致了人口爆炸”。因此，C项“死亡率的下降”是正确答案。
题干意为“从短文中可以推断出狩猎和以采集为生的时代……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语hunting和gathering cultures作为定位线索，在第二段中找到相关句： In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child．相关句意为 “在以狩猎和采集为生的时代，不能跟上其他人的老人会被甩在后面，任他死去。在饥荒时，人们会放任婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女”。因此，B项“遇到饥荒时，人们会放任婴儿死亡”是正确的答案。
题干意为“依据短文内容来看，关于美国退休人员的陈述下面哪个选项正确？”利用题干中的细节信息短语retired people和the United States作为定位线索，在第二 段中找到相关句：In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty．该句提到“在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额非常微薄，使得他们几乎挣扎于贫困的边缘”，由此可知在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而A项“许多人生活艰难”是正确的答案。
题干意为“在第三段中，‘this need’…”。该题属于词汇题中的语篇衔接词 题。首先找到“this need”所在的句子：To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. “this need”应该回指上文中具体提到的需要，因此关 注上文，首先关注该句的前一句：Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person．该句意为“当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或身体虚弱的人”。由此可知上文中提到的需要是“照顾有病的和身体虚弱的人”，因此答案为D项“需要照顾有病的和身体虚弱的人”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项能最恰当地描述作者对养老院和康复医院的态度？”该题属于主旨题，通常短文主题会在短文开头及/或短文结尾处有明确体现，因此首先关 注短文结尾处的句子：...most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for the dying in which“care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel．该句提到“大多数机构只不过是丢弃垂死的人的‘垃饭场’，所谓的‘照顾’都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的”。从作者的用词中可以看出作者在对包括养老院和康复医院的大多数机构持批评的态度，因此答案为D项“批评性的”。

第5题：

共用题干
Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive to-day would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die .In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contempo- rary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them .In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near
poverty .Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.

It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures______.
A: it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive
B: infants could be left dead in times of starvation
C: parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children
D: death was considered to be freedom from hardships

答案：B
解析：
第一段最后一句说“In fact , it is a decrease in death rates , not an increase in birthrates , that has led to the population explosion.”事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导致了人口爆炸。因此，选项C是正确答案。


第二段第四句说“In times of famine , infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have an-other child.”在灾年，可能会容忍婴儿死亡，因为，如果他们的父母俄死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。因此，选项B是正确的答案。


第二段倒数第二句是这么说的“In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty."（在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额之小差不多使人穷困潦倒。）可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而选项A是正确的答案。


第三段第三句“Today , with most members of a household working or in school , there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person."（当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。) " this need”出现在下面这个短语中："To meet this need "（为了满足这种需要），它指句子前面的“care for a sick or weak person"。这正是选项D表达的意思。


文章的最后一句说“... most of them are simply " dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid overworKea , and under-skilled personnel"（大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死的人的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的。）作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项 D是正确答案。

第6题：

We can infer from the passage that in England （ ）

A． many plays are not for young people

B． many young people don’t like theatre

C． people know little about the plan

D． children used to receive good arts education


正确答案：B

第7题：

共用题干
第一篇

Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply "dumping grounds"for the dying in which" care" is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.

In Paragraph 3,the phrase "this need" refers to________.
A:the need to prolong the lives of old people
B:the need to enrich the life of the retired people
C:the need to build profit-making nursing homes
D:the need to take care of a sick and weak person

答案：D
解析：
第一段最后一句说：" In fact , it is a decrease in death rates , not an increase in birth rates , that has led to the population explosion.（实际上，导致人口爆炸的是死亡率的降低而不是出生率的增长。）”因此，选项C是正确答案。
第二段第四句：" In times of famine , infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.（在饥荒年代，人们可以忍受婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来，他们可以重新生儿育女。）”因此，选项B是正确答案。
从第二段倒数第二句“In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.”可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。因此，选项A是正确答案。
第三段第三句：" Today , with most members of a household working or in school , there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.（现在，由于大多数的家庭成员都在工作或上学，所以常常没有人在家照顾生病或身体虚弱的人。）”因此，选项D 是正确答案。
文章最后一句："...most of them are simply 'dumping grounds' for the dying in which 'care' is given by poorly paid , overworked , and under-skilled personnel.（大多数机构只不过是垂死的人的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、工作量大、技术水平低下的人员提供的。）”作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项D是正确答案。

第8题：

What is known about the influenza virus?

A. It was first found in a group of very old birds.

B. All the different strains can be found in wild birds.

C. It existed over 100 million years ago.

D. It can survive in many different places.


正确答案：D
[解析] 见本文第一段最后一句。有证据显示病菌通过候鸟从一个地方，一个洲传带到另一个地方，另一个洲。由此可以看出病菌可以在不同的地方存活。

第9题：

共用题干
Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us?One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45 .But now,she can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for US and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need.We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better a-gain .And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we don't slip back into bad habits,let's have a look at what life was like 100 years ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children,although many babies didn't live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病）and scurvy（坏血病）,which are both caused by bad diets.This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their chil-dren well. Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up,bending over a piece of string,because there was no room for them to lie down. People didn't have fridges until the 1920s.They kept fresh food cold by storing it on window-sills（窗台板）,blocks of ice , or even burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks（火柴杆）(a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.

A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age.
A: Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：A
解析：
文章第一段虽然提到现在女性的寿命要比一百年前长得多，但并没有提及一百年前女性是否比男性寿命要长。


文章第二段明确介绍了现在的人们比过去长寿的原因。


文章第四段第一句便说一百年前，许多孩子很小便天折了。


文章第四段提到，询楼病与坏血病都是饮食不良引发的。


文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，而并非出于喜欢。


文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的。


从文章第四段以及最后一段不难看出，一百年前，生活对许多孩子来说都是十分不易的。

第10题：

共用题干
Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive to-day would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die .In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contempo- rary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them .In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near
poverty .Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.

The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.
A: an increase in birthrates
B: the industrial development
C: a decrease in death rates
D: cultural advances

答案：C
解析：
第一段最后一句说“In fact , it is a decrease in death rates , not an increase in birthrates , that has led to the population explosion.”事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导致了人口爆炸。因此，选项C是正确答案。


第二段第四句说“In times of famine , infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have an-other child.”在灾年，可能会容忍婴儿死亡，因为，如果他们的父母俄死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女。因此，选项B是正确的答案。


第二段倒数第二句是这么说的“In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty."（在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额之小差不多使人穷困潦倒。）可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而选项A是正确的答案。


第三段第三句“Today , with most members of a household working or in school , there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person."（当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或虚弱的人。) " this need”出现在下面这个短语中："To meet this need "（为了满足这种需要），它指句子前面的“care for a sick or weak person"。这正是选项D表达的意思。


文章的最后一句说“... most of them are simply " dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid overworKea , and under-skilled personnel"（大多数机构只不过是倾倒垂死的人的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的。）作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项 D是正确答案。

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