问答题Passage 2The History of Women’s Suffrage　　A In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children. Women were considered subsets of their husb

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Passage 2The History of Women’s Suffrage　　A In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children. Women were considered subsets of their husbands, and after marriage they did not have the right to own property, maintain their wages, or sign a contract, much less vote. It was expected that women be obedient wives, never to hold a thought or opinion independent of their husbands. It was considered improper for women to travel alone or to speak in public. With the belief that intense physical or intellectual activity would be injurious to the delicate female biology and reproductive system, women were taught to refrain from pursuing any serious education. Silently perched in their birdcages, women were considered merely objects of beauty, and were looked upon as intellectually and physically inferior to men. This belief in women’s inferiority to men was further reinforced by organized religion which preached strict and well-defined sex roles.　　B The Seneca Falls Convention　　The women’s suffrage movement was formally set into motion in 1848 with the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York.　　The catalyst for this gathering was the World Anti-Slavery Convention held in 1840 in London and attended by an American delegation which included a number of women. In attendance were Lucretia Mort and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who were forced to sit in the galleries as observers because they were women. This poor treatment did not rest well with these women of progressive thoughts, and it was decided that they would hold their own convention to “discuss the social, civil and religious rights of women”.　　Using The Declaration of Independence as a guideline, Stanton presented her Declaration of Principles in her hometown chapel and brought to light women’s subordinate status and made recommendations for change.　　Resolution 9 requesting the right to vote was perhaps the most important in that it expressed the demand for sexual equality. Subsequent to the Seneca Falls Convention, the demand for the vote became the centerpiece of the women’s rights movement.　　C Suffrage During the Civil War　　During the Civil War, women’s suffrage was eclipsed by the war effort and movement for the abolition of slavery. While annual conventions were held on a regular basis, there was much discussion but little action. Activists such as slave-born Sojourner Truth, Elizabeth Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony lectured and petitioned the government for the emancipation of slaves with the belief that, once the war was over, women and slaves alike would be granted the same rights as the white men. At the end of the war, however, the government saw the suffrage of women and that of the negro as two separate issues and it was decided that the negro vote could produce the immediate political gain, particularly in the South, that the women’s vote could not.　　Abraham Lincoln declared, “This hour belongs to the negro.”　　D Women Unite　　With the side-stepping of women’s rights, women activists became enraged, and the American Equal Rights Association was established by Stanton and her colleagues in 1866 in effort to organize in the fight for women’s rights. In 1868, the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment proved an affront to the women’s movement, as it defined “citizenship” and “voters” as “male”, and raised the question as to whether women were considered citizens of the United States at all. The exclusion of women was further reinforced with the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, which enfranchised black men. In a disagreement over these Amendments, the women’s movement split into two factions. In New York, Stanton and Anthony established the radical National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and Henry Blackwell organized the more conservative American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) in Boston. These two groups later merged in 1890 to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) under the leadership of Elizabeth Cady Stanton.　　E Winning the Vote　　Susan B. Anthony was arrested for attempting to vote for Ulysses S. Grant in the 1872 presidential election. Six years later, in 1878, a Women’s Suffrage Amendment was introduced to U.S. Congress. With the formation of numerous groups, such as the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW), the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) and, the Women’s Trade Union League, the women’s movement gained a full head of steam during the 1890’s and early 1900’s. The U.S. involvement in World War I in 1918 slowed down the suffrage campaign as women pitched in for the war effort. However, in 1919, after years of petitioning, picketing, and protest parades, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed by both houses of Congress and in 1920 it became ratified under the presidency of Woodrow Wilson.　　F Amendment xix　　1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.　　2. Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by appropriate legislation. (Ratified August 26, 1920)　　G Equal Rights Amendment　　Upon this victory of the vote, the NAWSA disbanded as an organization, giving birth to the League of Women Voters. The vote was not enough to secure women’s equal rights according to Alice Paul, founder of the National Woman’s Party (NWP), who moved to take women’s rights one step further by proposing the Equal Rights Amendment (E.R.A.) to Congress in 1923. This demand to eliminate discrimination on the basis of gender failed to pass.　　The push for the E.R.A. continued on a state-by-state basis, until the newly formed National Organization for Women (NOW) launched a national campaign during the 1960’s. Despite many heated debates and protests, the E.R.A., while passed by Congress in 1972, has never been ratified.　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?　　In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write　　TRUE　　　　　　　if the statement agrees with the information　　FALSE　　　　　　 if the statement contradicts the information　　NOT GIVEN　　　　 if there is no information on this　　1. In the early nineteenth century it was generally believed that men and women performed different roles in society.　　2. The World Anti-Slavery Convention preceded the first Women’s Right Convention.　　3. During the American Civil War, the Women’s suffrage movement flourished.　　4. Men were not allowed to join the National Woman Suffrage Association.　　5. The National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) was less radical than the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA).　　6. Abraham Lincoln was not sympathetic to the women’s movement.

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第1题：

The women who disagree say that______.

A. if women are given equal pay, their opportunities will be greater

B. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes

C. women want more freedom in choosing the kind of life they live

D. women need opportunities to go out of the house more often

正确答案：C
51．答案为C 此题为细节题。从第三段第二句…to have freedom to choose between a job and home life可以得出答案是C。

第2题：

The () role of women is a housewife, taking care of the house and the children.

A、modern

B、old

C、new

D、traditional

参考答案：D

第3题：

Which do you think would be the best title for this passage?

A． Work to give women a fair pay deal.

B． Time to change the situation.

C． Equal work, equal pay.

D． Should women be treated as second-class citizens

正确答案：C
A选项是应该努力让女人得到平等的薪水。B选项是时间会改变状况。C选项是同工同酬。D选项是女人是否应该被当作二等公民对待?选项C用精练而有感染力的语言针对文章内容表达了作者的一种观点、一种呼吁。

第4题：

Which do you think would be the best title for this passage? ( )

A． Work to give women a fair pay deal

B． Time to change the situation

C． Equal work, equal pay

D． Should women be treated as second-class citizens

正确答案：C
C[解析]A选项是应该努力让女人得到平等的薪水。B选项是时间会改变状况。C选项是同工同酬。D选项是女人是否应该被当作二等公民对待？选项C用精练而有感染力的语言针对文章内容表达了作者的一种观点和呼吁。

第5题：

Most women I came across in Japan were stay-at-home housewives. (翻译)

参考答案：我在日本见到的女人大都是居家主妇。

第6题：

I found that her best friends( )

A、were both womens

B、both were women-driver

C、both were women drivers

D、were both women-drivers

参考答案：D

第7题：

The role of women in Britain has changed a lot in this century, () in the last twenty years. The main change has been () giving women greater equality with men. Up to the beginning of this century, women seem to have had () rights. They could not vote and were kept at home. () , as far as we know, most women were happy with this situ ation. Today, women in Britain certainly () more rights than they used to. They were () the vote in 1919. In 1970 a law was passed to give them an equal () of wealth in the case of divorce, () the Equal Pay Act gave them the right of equal pay with men for work of equal value in the same year. Yet () these changes, there are still great difference in status between men and women. Many employers seem to () the Equal Pay Act, and the average working women is () to earn only about half that a man earns for the same job. () a survey, at present, only one-third of the country’s workers are () women. This small percentage is partly () a shortage of nurseries. If there were () nurseries, twice as many women might well go out to work

A.but

B.and

C.because

D.although

参考答案：B

第8题：

Passage Four

Equal pay for equal work is a phrase used by the American women who feel that they are looked down upon by the society. They say it is not right for women to be paid less than men for the same work.

People who hold the opposite opinion(mainly men)have an answer to this. They say that men have more responsibility than women; a married man is expected to earn money to support his family and to make important decisions, and therefore it is right for men to be paid more. There are some people who hold even stronger opinion than this and are against married women working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children are given no attention to. If women are encouraged by equal pay to take full-time job, they will be unable to do the things they are supposed to. Women are best at making a comfortable home and bringing up children. They will have to give up their present position in society.

"This is exactly what they want to give up, "the women who disagree say. "They want to escape from the limited place which society expects them to fill, and to have freedom to choose between a job and home life, or a mixture of the two. Women have the right of equal pay and equal opportunities."

These women have expressed their opinions forcefully by using the famous saying, "All men are created equal." They point out that the meaning of this sentence is "all human beings are created equal."

48. The women use the phrase "equal pay for equal work" to demand that______.

A. women's work shouldn't be harder than men's

B. men should be paid less than women

C. people doing harder work should earn more

D. men and women should be paid the same amount of money for the same work

正确答案：A
48．答案为A 此题为词汇题。“同工同酬”的意义解释。

第9题：

Text 4

As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants in to American society.

The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, Unions, churches, and other agencies.

Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.

Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women. American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early twentieth-century, United States. However, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.

36. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.

A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities

B) an increase in the number of trained teachers

C) the expanding economic problems of schools

D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

正确答案：D
答案：D
[试题分析] 事实判断题。
[详细解答] 根据第一段第三句“Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility．”的内容，可以推断，显然D为正确答案。

第10题：

It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because________．

A．fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work

B．the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector

C．women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more short—term than in factory work

D．employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking

正确答案：D
本题和上题的根据同出一处，根据上题答案，选项D正确，服务行业之所以所以少受早期历史学家关注，是因为它看上去和妇女无报酬的家务劳动太相像。

问答题Passage 2The History of Women’s Suffrage　　A In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children. Women were considered subsets of their husba

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问答题Passage 2The History of Women’s Suffrage A In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children. Women were considered subsets of their husba

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问答题Passage 2The History of Women’s Suffrage　　A In the early nineteenth century, women were considered second-class citizens whose existence was limited to the interior life of the home and care of the children. Women were considered subsets of their husba