单选题“Primary Health Care”是指( )A 初级卫生保健B 初级健康关怀C 基本卫生保健D 基础卫生保健

单选题What is the author’s attitude toward the U. S. health care system?A Prejudiced.B Critical.C Sympathetic.D Approving.

共用题干 Health Promotion1 World health will improve only if the people themselves become involved in planning, implementing,and having a say about their own health and health care.But involvement will not just happen.2 How serious are we about involving individuals,families,and communities?Are we prepared一mentally and professionally（专业上）一to listen to their concerns,to learn from them what they feel is important,to share with them appropriate information,to encourage and support them?In many cases,so far,the answer is"No".We can go on and on developing plans:nothing will happen unless all health workers,all health managers,and key professionals（专业人员）in other areas come to realize what is at stake. To overcome these particular stumbling一blocks（障碍物）,I see three major requirements.3 First,health workers must understand that the concept of primary health care involves new roles for them , and a new outlook（观点）.Not only should we be concerned with disease prevention and control,we must also be concerned with health promotion and care, and not least with development in general一and with people.Our health technologies must be based on what the people themselves want and need.4 Second,health workers must accept their new roles.More yet:they must be keen to try them out,to broaden their scope and to innovate（创新）in the partnership（合伙人、合作关系）approach. Their main concern must be to find ways of helping individuals and communities become self-dependent.5 This brings me to my third point:health workers must have the necessary skills to perform these new roles effectively and to make efficient use of existing knowledge.This calls for a training force fully familiar with previous experience and keen to provide the kind and quality of professional preparation needed.It also calls for full support from health manaqers for such traininq. Health workers cannot perform their new roles effectively without_________.A: some stumbling-blocksB: dependent on othersC: the necessary skillsD: self-dependentE: developing plansF: health workers

单选题Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?A Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs.B Imbalanced distribution of health care money.C Soaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.D Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatments.

单选题What is the purpose of the event?A To welcome health care professionalsB To promote certain health servicesC To discuss health workforce shortagesD To promote careers in health care

Text 2 As lawmakers fight over what conditions insurance companies should be required to cover,other areas of health-care reform remain painfully neglected.One major example:How much should insurance companies pay for what they cover?Consumers rarely care about health-care prices beyond what they personally pay for deductibles,co-payments and prescription drugs.But insurance payments are crucial to understanding why health-care prices have gotten so out of control in the United States.A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine makes this abundantly clear:Hospital emergency departments across the country are prone to excessively overcharge patients with private insurance,the study found,demanding that patients pay-on average-more than four times what Medicare pays for typical emergency procedures.This is not the heritage of sound medicine.This is the outcome of an extremely complicated and disjointed health-care system-and it's not necessarily the result of greedy hospitals trying to milk large profits out of vulnerable populations.Instead,it's the result of messy provider networks-rife with discounts and confusing contracts,designed by insurance companies and providers to attract customers.There are policy solutions to correct this system.Maryland,for example,has long operated under an"all-payer system"in which everyone pays the same rate for the same treatment-set by an independent state agency.Under this system,Medicare pays higher rates for care than in other states,but in the long run,it saves money-to the tune of$319 million-because the payment system incentivizes hospitals to reduce the number of people they admit.In other words,it encourages payment for quality of care,not quantity.Health-care providers have an incentive to work more closely with nursing facilities to deliver preventive care.Physicians also work more closely with patients to reduce preventable complications and hospital readmissions,which have dropped in Maryland faster than the national average in recent years.This innovative approach to solving price disparities in health-care costs is refreshing,although what works in Maryland might not work everywhere else.But other states have also passed laws to reduce price variation in health care,particularly for uninsured and low-income patients who would be most harmed by surprise medical bills.Unfortunately,reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress will likely worry the health-care industry enough to threaten state-led initiatives.Uncertainty-especially in terms of what our insurance markets will look like a year from now-makes it difficult,if not impossible,for states to experiment with different policies.That's a shame,because that's where the exciting and innovative reforms are happening. The author's attitude toward reform efforts led by Republicans in Congress is one of_____A.pity B.disapproval C.understanding D.expectation

“Primary Health Care”是指（）A、低级卫生保健B、初级健康关怀C、基本卫生保健D、基础卫生保健E、礼仪和礼貌用语

共用题干 Health Promotion1 World health will improve only if the people themselves become involved in planning, implementing,and having a say about their own health and health care.But involvement will not just happen.2 How serious are we about involving individuals,families,and communities?Are we prepared一mentally and professionally（专业上）一to listen to their concerns,to learn from them what they feel is important,to share with them appropriate information,to encourage and support them?In many cases,so far,the answer is"No".We can go on and on developing plans:nothing will happen unless all health workers,all health managers,and key professionals（专业人员）in other areas come to realize what is at stake. To overcome these particular stumbling一blocks（障碍物）,I see three major requirements.3 First,health workers must understand that the concept of primary health care involves new roles for them , and a new outlook（观点）.Not only should we be concerned with disease prevention and control,we must also be concerned with health promotion and care, and not least with development in general一and with people.Our health technologies must be based on what the people themselves want and need.4 Second,health workers must accept their new roles.More yet:they must be keen to try them out,to broaden their scope and to innovate（创新）in the partnership（合伙人、合作关系）approach. Their main concern must be to find ways of helping individuals and communities become self-dependent.5 This brings me to my third point:health workers must have the necessary skills to perform these new roles effectively and to make efficient use of existing knowledge.This calls for a training force fully familiar with previous experience and keen to provide the kind and quality of professional preparation needed.It also calls for full support from health manaqers for such traininq. Without the involvement of the people,there is no point in endlessly________.A: some stumbling-blocksB: dependent on othersC: the necessary skillsD: self-dependentE: developing plansF: health workers

单选题“您需要保健按摩吗？”翻译成英语是（）A Where is the symptom？B Where is the discomfort？C Do you need a health care massage？D where are the discomfort？

共用题干第三篇Exercise Lowers Employers' Health CostsCompanies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit,researchers reported on Friday.They said obese（肥胖的）employees had higher health-care costs , but lowered those expenses by exercising just a couple of times a week-without even losing any weight.Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23,500 workers at General Motors.They estimated that getting the most sedentary（惯于久坐的）obese workers to exercise would have saved about$790,000 a year,or about 1.5 percent of health-care costs for the whole group.Company-wide,the potential savings could reach$7.l million per year,they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.Of the whole group of workers,about 30 percent were of normal weight,45 percent were overweight（超重的）,and 25 percent were obese. Annual health-care costs averaged $2, 200 for normal weight,$2, 400 for the overweight,and$2, 700 for obese employees.But among workers who did no exercise,health-care costs went up by at least$100 a year,and were$3,000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary.But adding two or more days of light exercise一at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing一lowered costs by on average$500 per employee a year,the researchers found."This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of excess body fat,and in consequence,help lower the health-care costs,"Wang and colleagues wrote. How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?A:At least seven days a week. B:At least twenty minutes a week.C:At least twice a week. D:At least once a week.

“Primary Health Care”是指（） A.低级卫生保健 B.初级健康关怀 C.基本卫生保健 D.基础卫生保健

“Primary Health Care”是指( )

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