翻译：Particular Average（PA）（

Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning.()

It's by considering all these things--the risk of losing your job one way minus risk of losing it another,the extra money you make if your industry is shielded from foreign competition minus the extra money you pay for goods and services --that you reach the conclusion that on average,free trade benifits us all.

此长句该如何翻译？minus在其中如何翻译？求详解，谢谢了！

1)All Risks2) Free from Particular Average3) insurable interest4) subject matter insured5) Institute Cargo Clause6) general average7) inherent vice8) the insured

The invariable result of ______ average is that the loss falls on the owner of the particular property which has suffered the damage，whether that damage was due to deliberate sacrifice or to an accident．

A.special

B.particular

C.general

D.total

A profit and loss statement indicates the company's ______.

A．assets and liabilities at a particular point in time

B．revenues and expenses for a specific period of time

C．financial resources at a particular point in time

D．performance at a particular point in time

A fire breaks out in ＃4 hold and partially damages some of the cargo．In order to extinguish the fire the hold is flooded thus damaging the remaining cargo in that hold．Which of the following is (are) correct？ ______ ① The damage to the cargo by fire is particular average． ② The damage to the cargo by water is general average．

A.① only

B.② only

C.Both ① and ②

D.Neither ① nor ②

AInsurance is necessary for our clients. ;

BI suggest a _Free of Particular Average Policy._ ;

CSure, but there is an extra premium for the buyer’s account.

材料：

Following a general average incident，ship agents and surveyors play a significant role．A ship agent，in addition to the normal duties of port and husbandry agency，will assist the master in the aftermath of a general average incident to make a declaration which complies with the local law and custom of the port．

Once the average adjuster has confirmed that security has been obtained from all the interested parties，the agent is instructed by the ship owner to permit delivery of the cargo．If cargo has been discharged to lighten the vessel，or cargo has been transshipped to a final destination，the agent will be responsible for keeping full and complete records of all movements and expenditure attributable to the general average．

After any incident，a large number of surveyors representing various interests will descend on the vessel．Some of these surveyors will not be involved directly in the general average process．However，if it has become necessary to sacrifice or discharge a part of the cargo before arrival at the final destination stated on the bill of lading，the ship owner will appoint surveyors to report on the condition and quantity of cargo．

Such surveyors，usually called general average surveyors，will act in the interests of all the parties involved（and may also represent hull and machinery interests）．If possible，the account representing expenditure incurred should be examined and approved by the general average surveyor before settlement．

问题：

Which of the following is NOT correct as to the general average surveyors ___________．

A.They may sometimes be involved into the examination and approval of general average expenditures

B.They may sometimes be involved into the examination and approval of general average sacrifices

C.They will act in the interests of all the parties involved

D.They will look at particularly the general average matters

What does this passage imply for the shipmasters when a general average incident occurred onboard ___________．A.He can rely on greatly the general average surveyors

B.He can rely on greatly the ship agent

C.He can rely on greatly the interested parties

D.He can rely on greatly other surveyors

The ship agent mentioned in the passage behaves ______．A.for the benefit of the cargo owner

B.for the benefit of the shipowner

C.for the benefit of the salvors

D.for the benefit of the interested parties other than the above

The security required by the owner of ship and provided by relevant interested parties in general average cases is for the purpose of _______．

① contributing to the losses and damages of general average nature；

② securing all the general average contributions；

③ Securing all the payment of Sue and Labour；

④ contributing to the losses and damages of particular average nature．

A.①③④

B.①②③

C.①②

D.②③④

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！