Quantitative calibration&#

题目

Quantitative calibration factor (定量校正因子)     

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第1题:

Attributes quality data are:

A . quantitative or qualitative data

B . quality data for which the products or services is designed and built.

C . reflect measurements on a continuous scale of a characteristic of the product or service

D . indicate management's understanding of the concept of variability

E . A and B only


正确答案:E

第2题:

54 Variables quality data are:

A. quantitative or qualitative data

B. quality data for which the product or service is designed and built

C. reflect measurements on a continuous scale of a characteristic of the produce or service.

D. Indicate management's understanding of the concept of variability

E. B and C only


正确答案:E

第3题:

● The (75) process analyzes the effect of risk events and assigns a numerical rating to those risks.

A.Risk Identification

B.Quantitative Risk Analysis

C.Qualitative Risk Analysis

.Risk Monitoring and Control


正确答案:B

第4题:

3 The Chemical Services Group plc (CSG), which operates a divisionalised structure, provides services to industrial and

domestic customers in Swingland, a country whose economic climate is subject to significant variations. There have

been a number of recent changes at board level within CSG and therefore the managing director called a meeting of

the board of directors at which each of four recently appointed directors put forward their view as to what their primary

focus should be. These were as follows:

The research and development director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon ensuring that we continue to develop

the products and services that satisfy the requirements of our existing and potential customers’.

The finance director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon keeping our investors satisfied’.

The human resources director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon ensuring that we take all the steps necessary to

establish and maintain our reputation as a responsible employer’.

The corporate affairs director stated that ‘my primary focus is upon the need to ensure that we are recognised as a

socially responsible organisation’.

Required:

(a) Discuss the criteria that should be considered in deciding upon suitable performance measures in respect of

the primary focus of each of the FOUR directors of CSG providing THREE appropriate quantitative measures

for each primary focus.

Note: your answer may include financial or non-financial quantitative measures. (12 marks)


正确答案:
(a) The primary focus of the research and development director
There is a need to measure the ability of CSG to offer up to date services that are sought after by existing and potential
customers. In this regard it would be relatively easy to determine the number of new products/services introduced in previous
periods. The performance of individual innovations should also be assessed. Also the aggregate expenditure on the
development of new services may indicate how CSG has performed with regard to offering up to date, customer focused
services.
The primary focus of the finance director
CSG could use return on capital employed (ROCE), economic value added (EVA) or residual income (RI) as measures of
financial performance. EVA and RI are both superior to return on capital employed (ROCE) in that each method is more likely
to develop goal congruence in terms of acquisition and disposal decisions. It is vital that any performance measure chosen
is consistent with the NPV rule. The use of RI could prove problematic when managers adopt a short term outlook and use
short term performance measures as decisions may not be consistent with the NPV rule. EVA attempts to avoid the problems
associated with understated asset values that arise in the use of ROCE and RI. Current values should be used as opposed to
historical costs.
The primary focus of the human resources director
CSG could use measures such as the rate of staff turnover, the level of absenteeism, training costs per employee and the
number of applications received for each job vacancy. These measures may provide an indication of the extent to which CSG
can be regarded as a socially responsible employer.
These measures should be compared with those of prior periods and targets. Employee attitude surveys may also be
undertaken on a systematic basis in order to assess matters such as the degree of satisfaction with the payment systems that
are in operation, management style. and working conditions.
The primary focus of the corporate affairs director
CSG could use measures such as the amounts spent on the disposal of waste chemicals, the number of complaints received
from clients and members of the public and the total of contributions made to organisations which seek to meet social
objectives, e.g. charities, schools and hospitals.

第5题:

●(71)assesses the priority of identified risks using their probability of occurring, the corresponding impact on project objectives if the risks do occur, as well as other factors such as the time frame. and risk tolerance of the project constraints of cost, schedule, scope, and quality.

(71)

A. Quantitative Risk Analysis

B. Qualitative Risk Analysis

C. Enterprise Environmental Factors

D. Risk Management Plan


正确答案:B

第6题:

164 Attributes quality data are:

A. quantitative or qualitative data

B. quality data for which the products or services is designed and built.

C. reflect measurements on a continuous scale of a characteristic of the product or service

D. indicate management's understanding of the concept of variability

E. A and B only


正确答案:E

第7题:

● Observe that for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron(顾客) may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the actual completion. An omelette(煎鸡蛋), promised in two minutes, may appear to be progressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two choices—waits or eats it raw. Software customers have had (71) choices.

Now I do not think software (72) have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs, nor than other engineering managers. But false (73) to match the patron's desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very (74) to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method, supported by little data, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers.

Clearly two solutions are needed. We need to develop and publicize productivity figures, bug-incidence figures, estimating rules, and so on. The whole profession can only profit from (75) such data. Until estimating is on a sounder basis, individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.

(71)

A. no

B. the same

C. other

D. lots of

(72)

A. testers

B. constructors

C. managers

D. architects

(73)

A. tasks

B. jobs

C. works

D. scheduling

(74)

A. easy

B. difficult

C. simple

D. painless

(75)

A. sharing

B. excluding

C. omitting

D. ignoring


正确答案:B,C,D,B,A

第8题:

Variables quality data are:

A . quantitative or qualitative data

B . quality data for which the product or service is designed and built

C . reflect measurements on a continuous scale of a characteristic of the produce or service.

D . Indicate management's understanding of the concept of variability

E . B and C only


正确答案:E

第9题:

3 Moffat Ltd, which commenced trading on 1 December 2002, supplies and fits tyres and exhaust pipes and services

motor vehicles at thirty locations. The directors and middle management are based at the Head Office of Moffat Ltd.

Each location has a manager who is responsible for day-to-day operations and is supported by an administrative

assistant. All other staff at each location are involved in fitting and servicing operations.

The directors of Moffat Ltd are currently preparing a financial evaluation of an investment of £2 million in a new IT

system for submission to its bank. They are concerned that sub-optimal decisions are being made because the current

system does not provide appropriate information throughout the organisation. They are also aware that not all of the

benefits from the proposed investment will be quantitative in nature.

Required:

(a) Explain the characteristics of THREE types of information required to assist in decision-making at different

levels of management and on differing timescales within Moffat Ltd, providing TWO examples of information

that would be appropriate to each level. (10 marks)


正确答案:
(a) The management of an organisation need to exercise control at different levels within an organisation. These levels are often
categorised as being strategic, tactical and operational. The information required by management at these levels varies in
nature and content.
Strategic information
Strategic information is required by the management of an organisation in order to enable management to take a longer term
view of the business and assess how the business may perform. during that period. The length of this longer term view will
vary from one organisation to another, being very much dependent upon the nature of the business and the ability of those
responsible for strategic direction to be able to scan the planning horizon. Strategic information tends to be holistic and
summary in nature and would be used by management when, for example, undertaking SWOT analysis. In Moffat Ltd
strategic information might relate to the development of new services such as the provision of a home-based vehicle recovery
service or the provision of twenty-four hour servicing. Other examples would relate to the threats posed by Moffat Ltd’s
competitors or assessing the potential acquisition of a tyre manufacturer in order to enhance customer value via improved
efficiency and lower costs.
Tactical information
Tactical information is required in order to facilitate management planning and control for shorter time periods than strategic
information. Such information relates to the tactics that management adopt in order to achieve a specific course of action. In
Moffat Ltd this might involve the consideration of whether to open an additional outlet in another part of the country or
whether to employ additional supervisors at each outlet in order to improve the quality of service provision to its customers.
Operational information
Operational information relates to a very short time scale and is often used to determine immediate actions by those
responsible for day-to-day management. In Moffat Ltd, the manager at each location within Moffat Ltd would require
information relating to the level of customer sales, the number of vehicles serviced and the number of complaints received
during a week. Operational information might be used within Moffat Ltd in order to determine whether staff are required to
work overtime due to an unanticipated increase in demand, or whether operatives require further training due to excessive
time being spent on servicing certain types of vehicle.

第10题:

______assesses the priority of identified ri sks using their probability of occurring,the corresponding impact on project objectives if the risks do occur,as well as other factors such as the time frame. and risk tolerance of the project constraints of cost,schedule,scope,and quality.

A.Quantitative Risk Analysis

B.Qualitative Risk Analysis

C.Enterprise Environmental Factors

D.Risk Management Plan


正确答案:B
解析:定性风险分析利用风险发生概率、风险一旦发生对项目产生的影响以及其他因素(如时间框架和项目制约条件,即成本、进度、范围、质量的风险承受度水平),对已识别风险进行优先级的评估。
选项A是定量风险分析,选项B是定性风险分析,选项C是企业环境因素,选项D是风险管理计划。故B是正确的。

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