问题:共用题干 Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill,new study findings suggest.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill.The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,build on evidence that a"positive emotional style"can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose?"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,"explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh."And when they do get a cold,they may interpret their illness as being less severe."Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold,but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits,self-perceived health and emotional"style".Those who tended to be happy,energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense and hostile had a negative style.The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.Over the next six days,the volunteers reported on any aches,pains,sneezing or congestion they had,while the researchers collected objective data,like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes,happy people were less likely to develop a cold.The researchers chose 193 adults who had a negative style for the study.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
查看答案
问题:共用题干 BedwettingMillions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night,it's so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it.Most kids don't______(51)their friends,so it's easy to feel kind of alone,like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed.But you are not______(52).The fancy______ (53)for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis(夜间遗尿).Enuresis runs in families.This means that if you urinate(排尿),or pee, while you are______(54) ,there's a good______(55) that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid.Just like you may have______(56)your mom's blue eyes or your uncle's long legs,you probably inherited bedwetting,too.The most important thing to remember is that no one______(57)the bed on purpose.It doesn't mean that you ' re______ ( 58 ) or a slob(懒汉).It ' s something you can ' t help______( 59 ).For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder(膀胱)is full and don't______(60)up to pee in the toilet.Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic______(61)that he is in the bathroom peeing-only to wake up later and discover he's all wet.Many kids who wet the bed are very______(62) sleepers.Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log-they just stay asleep.Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night.Others wet some nights and are______(63)on others.A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend's or a relative's house.That's because kids who are anxious______(64)wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly.So the brain may be thinking,"Hey,you!Don't wet someone else's bed!"This can help you ______(65)dry even if you're not aware of it.63._________A:bad B:sadC:poor D:dry
问题:共用题干 The majority of people,about nine out of ten,are right-handed.Not until recently,people who were left-handed were considered__________(51),and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally_________(52),but it is still a disadvantage in a world________(53)most people are right-handed.For example,most tools and implements are still designed for right-handed people.In sports,__________(54)contrast,doing things with the left hand or foot,is often an advantage.Throwing,kicking,punching or batting from the"wrong"side may result_________(55)throwing off many opponents who are more accustomed to dealing with the_________(56)of players who are right-handed.This is why,in many ________(57)at a professional level,a higher proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.The word"right"in many languages means"correct"or is_________(58)with lawfulness, whereas the words associated__________(59)"left",such as"sinister",generally have_________ (60)associations.Moreover,among a number of primitive peoples,there is_________(61)close association between death and the left hand.In the past,in most Western societies,children were often forced to use their right hands,especially to write with.In some cases the left hand was_________(62)behind the child's back so that it could not be used.If,in the future,they are allowed to choose,_________(63)will certainly be more left handers,and probably_________(64)people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their_________(65)hand._________(59)A:by B:withC:to D:at
问题:共用题干 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.14._________A: poorB: weakC: olderD: young
问题: Power Napping is Good f the I.Q.Today we hear me me about the imptance of getting enoughsleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal give energy toboth the body the brain. ____1____ It seems almost certain that the thirdof our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that weare awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memy, focus, behavi.Studies show that people in developed countries spend less timeasleep me time at wk commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at theUniversity of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone downfrom nine hours a night in 1910 to seven--a-half hours a night today.However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. ____2____Accding to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Cen, every hour of lost sleep at nightcauses us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. F example, when someone getsonly five six hours of sleep each night f a week, the person’s I.Q. couldgo down 15 points me. ____3____Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours ofsleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night ashter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their employees follow thisadvice. ____4____ They say this makes the wkers much me efficient.To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientistsuse a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, aperson stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believethat a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect howmuch sleep we need. ____5____ However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep aslittle as six hours, without having any problems.词汇:emotion n. 情绪commuting n. 乘公交车上下班,通勤I.Q. n. 智商(全称为intelligent quotient)deprivation n. 剥夺,匮乏Sleep Latency Test n. 睡眠潜伏期注释:1.have/has an effect on... 对……有效果的2.go down from... to...从………降至……练习:A.They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only f 20 minutes.B.Losing just one two hours of sleep a night, over a long period oftime, can cause serious health problems.C.People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14hours a night.D.People in power are me intelligent because they take naps.E.Medical experts now believe that sleep is even me imptant fhealth than diet exercise.F.That’s why, without enough sleep, a nmally intelligent person may startto have difficulty doing daily tasks.
问题: Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.A: explain B: change C: influence D: embody
问题:共用题干 Swine Flu in New YorkThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)has confirmed cases of swine(猪)_______(51)in eight students at a New York preparatory(预科的)school, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said on Sunday. The students have had only_________(52) symptoms and none have been hospitalized,he said.Some of thestudents have already recovered.More than 100 students were absent from_______(53)due to flu-like symptoms last week.New Yorkhealth officials tested samples for eight students on Saturday and determined the students were probably________(54)from swine flu,and the CDC confirmed the________(55)on Sunday,Bloombergsaid.The announcement brings the ______(56) of confirmed swine flu eases in the United States to 20.Bloomberg said there is no ________(57)of a citywide outbreak( ~K) of the flu,and no sign of a potentialouthreak of swine fiu at ___________( 58) schools.Some students at the school_________(59) spring break in Mexico,Bloomberg gaid,bur authorities havenot determined _______( 60) any of the students with a confirmed ease of swine flu was in Mexico. Someonewho traveled to Mexico may not have had any flu symptoms but________(61) on the flu to someone else,henoted.Bloomberg called on students who are homesick to________(62) home for 48 hours after theirsymptoms go away.If symptoms are normal for a regular kind offlu , there is________(63) need to go to a hospital,saidBloomberg. If symptoms become severe, as__________(64) any illness,people should go to the hospital,hesaid.St. Francis,which has 2,700 students,announced it will remam closed for two days.________(65)whether the students' illnesses have been minor because they're young and healthy or because it is a minor strain(菌株)of the virus,Bloomberg responded,"We don't know."_________(64)A:uponB:withC:alongD:down
问题:共用题干 第三篇First Self-contained Heart ImplantedA patient on the brink(边缘)of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium(钛)and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine."I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.DavidFaxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts."A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."The first two paragraphs tell that the self-contained artificial heart_____.A:had brought the patient to the brink of deathB:did not need to get power from outside the bodyC:was made of titanium and pumpD:was invented by two surgeons from the University of Louisville
问题:共用题干 The Development of BalletBallet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility(贵族),to participate in pageants that included music,poetry,and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones,court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement , they were able to perform elaborate(复杂的)walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts,changed to flat shoes,and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs(假发)and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s.One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev.His dance company,the Ballets Russes,brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants,George Balanchine,went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.Who had an important influence on early ballet______.A: BalanchineB: AntoinetteC: Louis XIVDD:iaghilev
问题:共用题干 Alcoholism1 .Yes,alcoholism can be treated. Alcoholism treatment programs use both counseling and medication(药物治疗)to help a person stop drinking. Most alcoholics need help to recover from their disease. With support and treatment,many people are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives.2. A range of medication is used to treat alcoholism. Benzodiazepines(苯二氮平类药物) are sometimes used during the first days after a person stops drinking to help him or her safely withdraw from alcohol. However,these medications are not used beyond the first few days because they may be highly addictive. Other medications help people remain sober(清醒). One medication used for this purpose is naltrexone(环丙甲经二经吗啡酮) . When combined with counseling,naltrexone can reduce the strong desire for alcohol and help prevent a person from returning to heavy drinking. Another medication, disulfiram(戒酒硫),discourages drinking by making the person feel sick if he or she drinks alcohol. Though several medications help treat alcoholism,there is no“magic bullet”.Developing new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.3 .Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease,there are different levels of success in treatment.Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others cannot stop drinking for any length of time. With treatment,one thing is clear,however,the longer a person stops drinking alcohol,the more likely he or she will be able to stay sober.4 .No,alcoholism cannot be cured at this time. Even if an alcoholic hasn't been drinking for a long time,he or she can still return to the drinking habit.To guard against it,an alcoholic must continue to avoid all alcoholic drinks.Disulfiram can prevent drinking by making the alcoholic______.A: stay confusedB: alcoholic drinksC: medical treatmentD: feel sickE: in every personF: stop drinking
问题:共用题干 The majority of people,about nine out of ten,are right-handed.Not until recently,people who were left-handed were considered__________(51),and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-handedness is generally_________(52),but it is still a disadvantage in a world________(53)most people are right-handed.For example,most tools and implements are still designed for right-handed people.In sports,__________(54)contrast,doing things with the left hand or foot,is often an advantage.Throwing,kicking,punching or batting from the"wrong"side may result_________(55)throwing off many opponents who are more accustomed to dealing with the_________(56)of players who are right-handed.This is why,in many ________(57)at a professional level,a higher proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.The word"right"in many languages means"correct"or is_________(58)with lawfulness, whereas the words associated__________(59)"left",such as"sinister",generally have_________ (60)associations.Moreover,among a number of primitive peoples,there is_________(61)close association between death and the left hand.In the past,in most Western societies,children were often forced to use their right hands,especially to write with.In some cases the left hand was_________(62)behind the child's back so that it could not be used.If,in the future,they are allowed to choose,_________(63)will certainly be more left handers,and probably_________(64)people with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their_________(65)hand._________(57)A:games B:hobbiesC:activities D:rounds
问题:She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A: offensiveB: worriedC: sleepyD: anxious
问题:He is but a child.A: probably B: not C: only D: hardly
问题:共用题干 Migrant WorkersIn the past twenty years,there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another._________(51)some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people,others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the MiddleEast, _______(52)increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to __________(53)outsiders to im- prove local facilities.__________(54)the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,________(55)South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East,it is not___________(56)that the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at least___________(57) 1money in the Middle East as they can in their own country,and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage.__________(58),the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other____________(59)safety and com-fort. ___________(60),many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly _________(61)the lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greaterchallenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions__________(62)problems rather than do routine work intheir home country.One major problem which___________(63)migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are tem- porary ones.They are nearly always on contract,so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confi- dence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.____________(64),migrant workers accept this disadvantage,along with others,because of the ___________(65)financial benefits which they receive._________(64)A:In caseB:In all casesC:InacaseD:In any case
问题:共用题干 Promising Resnlts from Cancer StudyA new experimental vaccine(疫苗)has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer.In a small Texas-based study,a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas,USA,cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others.Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study.Forty一three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials.Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in tho advanced stages of the disease.They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months,and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in the advanced stages of cancer,the disease disappeared and in the others,it did not spread for five to twenty-four months.However,no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness.This new vaccine uses the patient's own immune system.It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg.It stimulates(刺激)the body's immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful,and attacks and destroys them.The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer.It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general,although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.All the patients were from Dallas.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
问题:共用题干 WaterFrom the beginning,water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon.The first civilization arose(51)________water was a dominant element in the environment,a challenge(52)______man's ingenuity.The Egyptians invented the 365一day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians,(53)________were among the most famous lawmakers in ancient times,invented laws(54)_________ water usage.Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-(55)________canal,a complex system which,after nearly 2,500 years,remains still practically(56)_______ and still commands the astonishment of engineers.But (57)_________never found complete solutions to their water problems.The Yellow River is also known as "China's Sorrow" ;it is so unpredictable and dangerous(58)_________in a single flood it has caused a million(59)________.Floods slowed the great(60)_________of the Indus River Valley,and inadequate drainage ruined (61)________of its land. Today water dominates man (62)_______it always has done.Its presence continues to(63)________the location of his homes and cities;its violent variability can(64)________man or his herds or his crops;its routes links him(65)________his fellows;its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts.There are many examples of this in our own time._________(62)A:for B: asC:because D: whereas
问题:共用题干 The World's Best-Selling MedicineSince ancient times,people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid(水杨酸).This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853,a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach.However,his mixture was difficult to make,and he did not try to produce or sell it.In 1897,in Germany,Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain.His father's pain went away,and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.Hoffmann worked for Bayer,a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager,who tested the drug and found that it worked well.Bayer decided to make the drug.They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind,so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap,easy to take,and effective. It also lowered fevers.Aspirin was a wonder drug.At first,Bayer sold the drug through doctors,who then sold it to their patients. In 1915,the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores.In the United States,Bayer had a patent(专利权)on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries,but only bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States.In time,Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there,too.However,Bayer aspirin was the most well known,and for many years,it was the market leader.By the 1950s,new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make.However,in the l970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks.In 1982,he won the Nobel prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks.It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of mon-ey for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!What has happened to aspirin since new painkillers came on the market?A: Companies have stopped selling it.B: It has become the best-selling painkiller.C: Its new use has been discovered.D: Doctors have sold it to patients.
问题:共用题干 More About Alzheimer 's DiseaseScientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological(神经病学的)disorder.The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia. "Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death.There is currently no known treatment for the disease.Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer’s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply of calcium,another critical element.One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.The newly developed skin tests may be used in the future to allow doctors to______.A:cure those with Alzheimer's diseaseB:discover the cause of Alzheimer's diseaseC:predict who might get Alzheimer's diseaseD:find the consequences of Alzheimer's disease
问题:The dentist has decided to take out the girl's bad tooth.A:.digB:drawC:pullD:extract