问题:Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith (1875-1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Victorian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the actors. The exploitation of the camera's possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative editing. By juxtaposing images and varying the speed and rhythm of their presentation, he could control the dramatic intensity of the events as the story progressed. Despite the reluctance of his producers, who feared that the public would not be able to follow a plot that was made up of such juxtaposed images, Griffith persisted, and experimented as well with other elements of cinematic syntax that have become standard ever since. Those included the flashback, permitting broad psychological and emotional exploration as well as narrative that was not chronological, and the crosscut between two parallel actions to heighten suspense and excitement. In thus exploiting fully the possibilities of editing, Griffith transposed devices of the Victorian novel to film and gave film mastery of time as well as space.Besides developing the cinema's language, Griffith immensely broadened its range and treatment of subjects. His early output was remarkably eclectic, it included not only the standard comedies, melodramas, westerns, and thrillers, but also such novelties as adaptations from Browning and Tennyson, and treatments of social issues. As his successes mounted, his ambitions grew, and with them the whole of American cinema. When he remade Enoch Arden in 1911, he insisted that a subject of such importance could not be treated in the then conventional length of one reel. Griffith's introduction of the American-made multireel picture began an elaborate historical and philosophical spectacle. It reached the unprecedented length of four reels, or one hour's running time. From our contemporary viewpoint, the pretensions of this film may seem a trifle ludicrous, but at the time it provoked endless debate and discussion and gave a new intellectual respectability to the cinema.The author of this passage seems to imply that Victorian novels ______.A.are like filmsB.may not narrate events chronologicallyC.exploit cinema's languageD.feature juxtaposed images
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问题:Charles does not like customers who ______.A.are very rudeB.keep talking to him when he is busyC.only buy small thingsD.bargain with him too much
问题:Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they've been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe, and so did people, who —as they multiplied and organized —pat pressure on competitors at the top of the food chain. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that split from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former domain.India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile (1,450-square-kilometer) sanctuary. It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest —and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will slink through the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid —lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir's lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It's odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold —too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions prowl the periphery of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That's one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 canine distemper killed more than a third of Africa's Serengeti lions —thousand animals —a fate that could easily befall Gir's cats. These lions, saved by a prince at the turn of the 20th century, are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. "If you do a DNA fingerprint, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins," says Stephen O'Brien, a geneticist who has studied them. Yet the perils are hidden, and you wouldn't suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions exude vitality, and no small measure of charm.Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it's time to eat, meals in Git are not necessarily frenzied affairs. For a mother and cub sharing a deer, or a young male relishing an antelope, there's no need to fight for a cut of the kill. Prey animals are generally smaller in Gir than they are in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well. The lions themselves aren't as big as African lions, and they have shorter manes and a long fold of skin on their undersides that many lions in Africa don't have.What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?A.The lions were on the brink of extinction.B.They were suffering from a fatal disease.C.They allowed him to see their vitality and charm at close quarters.D.Mother lion and her cub shared a deer.
问题:Why are the lions in the Git Forest especially vulnerable to disease?A.They are physically weaker than the African lions.B.They are small in size.C.They do not have enough to eat.D.They have descended from a dozen or so ancestors.
问题:As can be gathered from the passage, before 1910 the normal running time of a film was probably ______.A.15 minutes or lessB.between 15 and 30 minutesC.between 30 and 45 minutesD.1 hour or more
问题:What is TRUE about the Irish Republic's economy?A.It was the most successful among the EU countries.B.It has increased 8% in the last five years.C.The unemployment rate has reached its lowest level for 5 years.D.The commodity prices have decreased greatly in the country.
问题:Currently, every college student knows that ability is important. They would like to attend various training programs and apply for different certificates so that they are more competent. Do you think that attending training programs and getting more certificates can improve competence? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: Do More Certificates Stand for Better Ability?
问题:The author's intention is to get us to ______.A.rethink educational strategiesB.approve of current trendsC.think about what constitutes communicationD.reassure parents
问题:【10】
问题:SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文:Interviewer: Well Charles, I must say that your shop is pretty remarkable. Um, it's basically a sweetshop, but you also do stationery and greeting cards and tobacco and fireworksShopkeeper: And newspapers.Interviewer: And newspapers. Ah. And apart from all that, you've got photocopiers...Shopkeeper: That's right.Interviewer: And a fax machine.Shopkeeper: Indeed.Interviewer: Yes. How did. I mean, why the photocopiers?Shopkeeper: Everything that's happened in my shop has almost happened by accident. But when I got into Clifton, I needed a photocopy one day and no one could tell me where to go. So it struck me that if I didn't know where to go, other people were in the same situation, so that's why I started it. And then I added on a facsimile machine because it seemed like a natural progression at the time. And all sorts of people use it.Interviewer: Yes, who, what sort of people do use it?Shopkeeper: Um, a lot of professional people —surveyors, engineers — particularly people who need to send plans. Because in the past you could send messages via telex, but a telex can't express a plan, whereas facsimile has that dimension, the added dimension.Interviewer: Right. And do people send these fax messages abroad, or is it just to this country?Shopkeeper: Well, it's surprising because when I started, I thought I'd be sending things to London and maybe Birmingham but, in fact, a high percentage of it is sent abroad, because it's immediate, it's very speedy. You can send a message and get an answer back very quickly.Interviewer: And how much would it cost, for example, if I wanted to send a fax to the United States?Shopkeeper: Well, a fax to the United States would cost you five pounds for a page. And when you think that in England by the Royal Mail, it would cost you twelve pounds to send a page by special delivery, it's actually a good value.Interviewer: OK. What about your hours? How long do you have to spend actually in the shop?Shopkeeper: Well, the shop is open from, essentially from eight in the morning until six at night, six days a week, and then a sort of fairly flexible morning on a Sunday. Um, and of those hours, I'm in it quite a lot.Interviewer: And how long have you actually had the shop?Shopkeeper: I started to have my shop in 1982, the 22nd of December, oh, sorry, the 22nd of November. It sticks in my brain.Interviewer: And did you enjoy it?Shopkeeper: Yes, overall I enjoy it. Running a business by yourself is jolly hard work and you never quite like every aspect all the time. 95% of the customers I love. Uh, 2% I really, you know, I'm not too bothered about. And 3% I positively hate.Interviewer: What, What's the problem with those? Are they people who stay around and talk to you when you're busy or complain or what?Shopkeeper: Um, it's bard to categorize really. I find people who are just totally rude, urn, unnecessary, and I don't really need their custom. And I suppose they form. the volume of the people that I don't like. But it's a very, very, very small percentage.Interviewer: But is there a danger that shops like yours will disappear, more and more?Shopkeeper" I think there's a very, very great danger that the majority of them will disappear.Interviewer: Why's that?Shopkeeper: Simply because costs of running a shop have just become very, very high. To give you some example, in the time that I've been there, my rent has quadrupled, the local property tax have doubled, other costs have gone up proportionately. And at the end of the day it is a little bit hard to try to keep uA.cigarettesB.exercise booksC.photocopiersD.chocolates
问题:【M10】
问题:Which of the following is NOT among the reasons that India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions?A.Too many of them in the present sanctuary.B.Possible outbreak of disease.C.Clashing with people.D.Food shortage.
问题:SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.窗子许里面人看出去,同时也许外面人看进来,所以在热闹地方住的人要用窗帘儿,替他们的私生活做个保障。晚上访人,只要看窗里有无灯光,就约略可以猜到主人在不在家,不必打开了门再问,好比不等人开口,从眼睛里看出他的心思。关窗的作用等于闭眼。天地间有许多景象是要闭了眼才看得见的,比如梦。假使窗外的人声物态太嘈杂了,关了窗好让灵魂自由地去探胜,安静地默想。
问题:Griffith's film innovations had a direct effect on all of the following EXCEPT ______.A.film editingB.camera workC.range of subjectsD.sound editing
问题:What does the cancellation of the 16-day flight mean?A.The scientists on the ground are pursuing only their most important experiments.B.The shuttle team will be disappointed at the curtailment of the science mission.C.The science will complete the experiments on a later shuttle flight.D.The remaining generators are sufficient.
问题:听力原文: Now European finance ministers are expected to reprimand the Irish government today after they meet in Brussels. They've been alarmed by December's budget in the Irish Republic which cut taxes and increased government spending. The other European countries fear this will stoke up inflation and undermine the stability of the Euro, the single currency.Finance ministers from the European Unions 15 states are holding their regular monthly meeting in Brussels. They've been given the tricky task of handing out some public criticism to the government of the country with the most successful economy, the Irish Republic. In the last five years Ireland has boomed growing by an average eight percent a year, unemployment has reached its lowest level for 20 years and commodity prices in Dublin became more expensive than in London.Why do other European countries criticize Ireland?A.They worry that the Irish Republic's budget plan will undermine the stability of European Unions.B.EU countries fear that Irish Republic's finance plan will cause inflation.C.Other countries will have to cut taxes.D.Other EU countries must increase government spending, too.
问题:【7】