单选题Patients are now advised to ______.A monitor the hours of doctors by themselvesB make sure that the doctors who treat them have had enough sleepC ask for legal control of the hours of doctorsD allow their doctors to sleep several hours before the opera

题目

单选题

Patients are now advised to ______.

monitor the hours of doctors by themselves

make sure that the doctors who treat them have had enough sleep

ask for legal control of the hours of doctors

allow their doctors to sleep several hours before the operation

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

What is a cause for the change of Stefania’s body clock?

A．Eating fewer hours of sleep.

B．Having more hours of sleep

C．Lacking physical exercise.

D．Getting no natural light.

正确答案：D

第2题：

共用题干
第三篇

Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."

People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had__________.
A:no drive and ambition
B:no electric lighting
C:the best sleep habits
D:a lot to do the next day

答案：B

解析：

细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。

第3题：

A report published today by British doctors showed some worrying trends, but also some positive signs that in the long- term the country’s health might improve. The report was based on two years of interviews with family doctors about their patients.

The doctors expressed concern that patients were eating too much and were generally overweight. The doctors said this was particularly worrying as they were seeing more and more young people with weight problems. But it was not just their patients eating too much concerned doctors, but the quality of the food as well.

The doctors said that many of their patients led busy lives and did not have time to cook traditional meals. Because of this many of them were turning to unhealthy fast foods. Sales

of this type of food have been increasing steadily over the last decade, although there were signs that the rate of growth is declining. The doctors felt that there was a clear link between over- consuming of fast food and health problems among their patients.

But the report was not all bad news. The doctors interviewed also reported an increased awareness of the importance of healthy eating among their patients. Many reported an increase

in the number of patients they see who had switched to a healthy organic diet.

41.The report was_____________________.

A). mainly bad news B). all bad news C). all good news D). mainly good news 42. The doctors expressed concern about the problem of ___________________. A). patient’s eating too much B). patient’s quality of the food

C). both the patient’s eating too much and low quality of the food. D). old patients’ overweight

43.The doctors said that many of their patients didn’t cook traditional meals because__________________.

A). patients led busy lives and they have no time to cook the traditional meals. B). patients liked to have some fast food.

C). patients believed that traditional cook were not delicious D). patients often went out for dinner

44. At the moment sales of fast food______________. A). are growing rapidly B). are growing slowing C). are declining

D). are at the same speed as before

45. Doctors report that more of their patients _________________. A). are aware of the importance of healthy eating B). don’t care about healthy eating

C). are stopping eating fast foods D). turn to fast food more often

参考答案：41-45 A C A B A

第4题：

共用题干
第一篇

Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?

Earlier this year,the American College of Surgeons,the national scientific and educational organization
of surgeons,conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to re-
searching his or her surgery or surgeon.While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of
an operation,they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.
In fact,more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the cre-
dentials of the surgeon who operated.Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change(on
average,about 10 hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon
who wields（支配）the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their sur -
geons or primary care doctors,whoever those individuals happen to be.
I felt curious about the survey,so I called Dr. Thomas Russell,executive director of the American
College of Surgeons."There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel com-
pelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,"he told me.
There are consequences to that kind of blind trust."Today,medicine and surgery are really team
sports,"Dr. Russell continued,"and the patient,as the ultimate decision-maker,is the most important mem-
ber of the team.Mistakes can happen,and patients have to be educated and must understand what is
going on."
In other words,a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and re-
sponsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship
educated about their doctors,their illnesses and their treatment.
"If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U.S.,"Dr. Russell said,"everybody has
to participate actively and must educate themselves.That means doctors,nurses,other health care
professionals , lawyers , pharmaceutical（制药的）companies , and insurance companies. But most of all , it
means the patient."
Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon,who was among the first to understand the importance of
gathering data in science,once observed,knowledge is power.

Nowadays patients seem to have__________.
A:too much trust in their doctors
B:too much information about their doctors
C:too little faith in their doctors
D:a healthy relationship with their doctors

答案：A

解析：

从第一段和第二段的表述可知，有三分之一的患者不愿意花时间去了解做手术的医生，他们在这上面花的时间比他们在换一份工作或者一辆车上花的时间要少。
从第二段可知，患者对医生有一种盲目的信任，他们宁愿花时间去找一份新工作或一辆新车，而不愿去了解他们的手术和做手术的医师，他们对收到的结果还很满意。
从第四段可知，在治疗的团队里，患者是最重要的成员。
文章通篇讨论的是患者对医生及手术缺乏了解，健康的医患关系应该包含患者的参与。因此A项提到的健康的医患关系只依赖医生的观点是错误的。
最后一段提到培根是为了验证“知识即力量”这个观点，因此作者肯定是相信培根及其观点的，而唯独不相信的是盲目的信任，因此选C。

第5题：

共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea”for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kridke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.

Paragraph 5______
A: Kripke's Research
B: Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C: Criticism on Kripke's Report
D: A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E: Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F: Classification of Sleep Problems

答案：A

解析：

该段中只包含两个句子，而每个句子中提到了have trouble falling asleep“很难入睡”，这表明该段主题应与睡眠问题相关。选项E和选项F都直接提到了sleep problems “睡眠问题”，因此推测答案可能来自这两个选项。选项E意为“睡眠时间长的人和睡眠时间短的人遇到的睡眠问题”，选项F意为“睡眠问题的分类”。结合段落内容来看，段落第一句主要提到people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight“每晚睡9一10个小时的人即睡眠时间长的人”的情况，段落第二句主要提到people who slept only 7 hours each night“每晚只睡 7个小时的人即睡眠时间短的人”呼应，因此E是答案。
整个段落只包含一个句子，该句主要以前的研究揭示了慢性睡眠不足的潜在危险。这与B项“习惯性睡眠不足的危险”呼应一致。所以答案为B。
A和F容易相互成为干扰项，这对于该段主题的判断具有一定的迷惑性，但由于段落中提到的“睡眠问题”是属于问卷上要回答的内容，是和Kripke的直接研究有关，所以判断“Kripke的研究”是段落的主题，因此A是答案。
剩下的3个选项中，选项F作为第1小题的干扰项成为本小题答案的可能性很小，选项C意为“对Kripke报告的批评”，整个段落主要提到了Kripke的研究发现和他的看法： Kridke found ... (Kridke发现）;Kripke noted ... (Kripke指出……); he added...（他补充说……）, 根本没有涉及到对Kripke的批评，因此C是干扰项，答案应该为D。该段首先分析了睡眠时间长的人出现睡眠问题的原因，然后指出克服失眠（睡眠问题的具体表现）的一种方法。
利用题干中的名词短语。good night's rest和名词people作为定位线索，在文章中找到相关句：These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psycho-somatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night．依据该句可直接判断F项“睡眠超过8小时”是答案。
利用题干中的名词短语long sleepers作为定位线索，同时关注题干中的其他用词，这样在文章中找到相关句：Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight（与long sleepers呼应）appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night．依据该句可直接判断E项“出现睡眠问题”是答案。
利用题干中的名词短语one of the sleep problems, the middle of the night 作为定位线索，在文章中找到相关句：Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. A项fall asleep again“再次入睡”是fall back to sleep的近义结构，所以答案为A。
利用题干中的名词结构one survey, higher risk of dying作为定位线索，在文章中找到相关句：one report（与 survey呼应）demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than peo-ple who sleep more．依据该句可直接判断C项“睡眠不足7个小时”是答案。

第6题：

共用题干
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening

答案：C

解析：

文章第二段第一句说人们睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明；第三句说良好的睡眠习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，无法在地里干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合文意。
在文章第二段倒数第二句David博士直接指出：人们在睡眠问题上自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人经常忽略睡眠不足产生的后果，故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认为睡眠是最不重要的事情。A项“工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠”符合文意。
本题考了一个熟悉的词、subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听到过的文章。所以，这里subjects指人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
由文章第二段最后一句“…when they really need 7.5 , 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.和最后一段的研究结果“We've found that if you 're in sleep deficit , performance suffer…”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，故选D。

第7题：

Text4 Death comes to all,but some are more sure of its timing,and can make plans.Kate Granger,a 32-year-old doctor suffering from an incurable form of sarcoma,has"very strong ambitions"for her last hours.She plans to avoid hospital emergency departments and die at her parents'house-music playing,candles glowing,family by her side.Surveys show that over two-thirds of Britons would like to die at home.Like Dr.Granger,they want to be with family and free ofpain.Yet hospital remains the most common place ofdeath.For some this is unavoidable-not every disease has as clear a tuming point as cancer-but for others a lack of planning is to blame.The govemment,motivated by both compassion and thrift,wants to help.To steer patients away from hospitals,general practitioners have been encouraged to find their l%-those patients likely to die in the next year-and start talking about end-of-life care.This can be difficult for doctors."As a profession we view death as failure,"says Dr.Granger.Yet when there is no cure to be had,planning for death can be therapeutic for patients.Those who do plan ahead are much more likely to have their wishes met.A growing number of patients have electronic"palliative-care co-ordination systems",which allow doctors to register personal preferences so that other care providers can follow them.A paramedic called to a patient's home would know of a do-not-resuscitate order,for example.One study showed that such systems increase the number of people dying in their homes.But savings for the government may mean costs for charities and ordinary folk.At the end of life it is not always clear who should pay for what.Although Britons can get ordinary health care without paying out of pocket,social care is means-tested.People must often shell out for carers or care homes-or look after the terminally ill themselves.Disputes crop up over trivial things,like responsibility for the cost ofa patient's bath.A bill now would cap the cost of an individual's social care by Parliament.Still,some want it to be free for those on end-of-life registries.That would cut into the govemment's savings-but allow more people to die as they want.38.The"palliative-care co-ordination systems"may suggest

A.doctors require patients to receive treatment at home.
B.patients can get different advice from several doctors.
C.incurable patients could choose to stay at home.
D.part ofthe patients are unwilling to waste money in hospital.

答案：C

解析：

事实细节题。根据定位词定位在第二段和第四段。第二段第一句提到“三分之二的英国人都意欲在家面对死亡”。第四段第一句表明“提前计划的人更有机会实现愿望”。随后提到通过这个系统其他疗养提供者可以按医嘱执行。最后一句说到“调查显示，‘缓和护理协调系统’的使用增加了选择在家死亡的人数”，故选C项。【干扰排除】A项，第四段第二句给出的信息是，这个系统使得医生可以把患者的个人偏好输入系统，因而其他疗养提供者可以按这些偏好为患者提供服务。第三句说到那些“护理人员给病人家里打电话，会了解到他们自己不愿再接受治疗的愿望”，所以A项不正确。B项，根据第四段给出的信息，医生在电子“缓和护理协调系统”出现之后更多的是遵照患者自己的意愿而患者不再喜欢接受医生的意见，所以也不正确。D项，根据原文的信息，有了这个电子系统，病人可以提前安排自己死亡前要做的事情并决定以什么样的方式死去，强调的是个人喜好，而非省钱。

第8题：

The word “euthanasia” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.

[A] doctors’ sympathy to dying patients

[B] doctors’ aggressive medical measures to dying patients

[C] doctors’ mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients

[D] doctors’ well-meaning treatment to save dying patients

正确答案：C
58. [C]意为：医师为帮助生命垂危病人摆脱痛苦而采取的致死措施。本题是一道词义题，但是解题更多的需要涉及到文章中心词，本文第一段从澳大利亚通过的一个关于安乐死法案的新闻入手，下文全部在讨论各界对该法案的反应，同时在文章最后作者以实例表明了自己对安乐死的观点，由此我们可以确定文章的中心是关于安乐死的。而考研文章的任何一道阅读题目的命制都是和文章中心紧密相连的。据此我们可以推断出答案为C。
A意为：医师对垂危病人的同情。
B 医师对垂死病人采取的过激医疗手段。
D 医师为挽救垂危病人的生命而采取的善意的治疗。另外“euthanasia” 所在句和下面的 In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.处于平衡位置，由此我们可以判断“euthanasia”和下句的 the right to die 大意相同,答案可
以锁定 C，四个选项中只有该选项与死亡相关。

第9题：

Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which__________.
A:patients and doctors play equally important roles
B:the patient does not have an active role to play
C:doctors have the final say in almost everything
D:the patient has the most important role to play

答案：D

解析：

第10题：

Passage Two
The thought of not sleeping for twenty-four hours or more is not a pleasant one for most people．The amount of sleep that each person needs varies．In general,each of us needs about eight hours of sleep each day to keep our bodies healthy and happy．Some people,however,can get by just a few hours of sleep at night．
It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps．But everyone needs some rest to stay alive．Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception on this．Sleep is,after all,a very basic need．But a man named AI Herpin turned out to be a real exception,for supposedly,he never slept!
A1 Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersey．They hoped to negate the claims that he never slept．But they were surprised．Though they watched him every hour of the day,they never saw Herpin sleeping．He did not even own a bed．He never needed one．
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen news-papers．His doctors were baffled by this strange case of permanent insomnia．Herpin offered the only clue to his condition．He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days be-fore he had been born．Herpin died at the age of 94,never having slept a wink．

The expression“get by”,in the last sentence of the first paragraph is______

A.a confusing expression
B.a rude expression
C.an everyday expression
D.an improper expression

答案：C

解析：

暂无解析

单选题Patients are now advised to ______.A monitor the hours of doctors by themselvesB make sure that the doctors who treat them have had enough sleepC ask for legal control of the hours of doctorsD allow their doctors to sleep several hours before the opera

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