A scientist is informing techs. about a new product which is starting and the type of work that the lab techs. will be expected to do. The barriers which could hinder the lab techs. ability to filter the information include all of the following except:
A language and semantics
B culture and ethics
C intelligence and knowledge base
D reputation, authority, organizational status and position
E relative location of the lab to the scientist's office
162 A scientist is informing techs. about a new product which is starting and the type of work that the lab techs. will be expected to do. The barriers which could hinder the lab techs. ability to filter the information include all of the following except:
A. language and semantics
B. culture and ethics
C. intelligence and knowledge base
D. reputation, authority, organizational status and position
E. relative location of the lab to the scientist's office
– Then what do you think of the opportunities? – ________ , if we come up with some new products for young people, we’ll have a bigger market share.
A、According to me
B、In my opinion
C、Thanks.to my mind
When we talk about intelligence we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows to do.
For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can do, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it all works out, but at least he tries. And if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he failed, he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook in life, a special feeling about life, and a special way of how he fits into it.
If you look at children, you’ll see a great difference between what we call ”bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life—he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general
1、According to this passage, intelligence is the ability to______.
A、work by oneself do well in any
B、situation
C、know what is right and wrong
D、adapt oneself to a new situation
2、In a new situation, an intelligent person ____________.
A、knows more about what might happen to him
B、is well-prepared for his action
C、pays greater attention to the situation
D、completely ignores himself
3、If an intelligent person failed, he would ________
A、feel ashamed about the failure
B、learn from his experiences
C、find out what he can’t do
D、make sure what’s wrong with
his outlook in life
4、An intelligent child ________
A、learns more about himself
B、shows interest in things around him
C、studies everything that may be interesting
D、looks down upon unintelligent children
5、Why does an unintelligent child seem to have a wall between him and life in general?
A、Because he can hardly see the outside world.
B、Because life is far away from him.
C、Because he knows nothing about life in general.
D、Because he has little interest in things around himself.
Tony is a young child.But do not()his ability to learn and reason.
A.undertake
B.underrestimate
C.understand
2021 年全国硕士研究生统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be. One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline. The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 . For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women. 16 there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed 1. A. pauses B. return C. peaks D. fades 2. A. alternatively B. formally C. accidentally D. generally 3. A. while B. since C. once D. until 4. A. detection B. accumulation C. consumption D. separation 5. A. possibility B. decision C. goal D. requirement 6. A. delay B. ensure C. seek D. utilize 7. A. modify B. supported C. included D. predicted 8. A. devoted B. compared C. converted D. applied 9. A. with B. above C. by D. against 10. A. lived B. managed C. scored D. played 11. A. ran out B. set off C. drew in D. went by 12. A. superior B. attributable C. parallel D. resistant 13. A. restored B. isolated C. involved D. controlled 14. A. alter B. spread C. remove D. explain 15. A. compensations B. symptoms C. demands D. treatments 16. A. Likewise B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Instead 17. A. change B. watch C. count D. take 18. A. well-being B. process C. formation D. coordination 19. A. level B. love C. knowledge D. space 20. A. design B. routine C. diet D. prescription 参考答案： 1-5：CDABA 6-10：ACBAC 11-15：DBCDD 16-20：BDAAC Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This years rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last years, but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation. Successive overnments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. Why, the argument goes, should a car-driving pensioner from Lincolnshire have to subsidise the daily commute of a stockbroker from Surrey? Equally, there is a sense that the travails of commuters in the South East, many of whom will face among the biggest rises, have received too much attention compared to those who must endure the relatively poor infrastructure of the Midlands and the North. However, over the past 12 months, those commuters have also xperienced some of the worst rail strikes in years. It is all very well train operators trumpeting the improvements they are making to the network, but assengers should be able to expect a basic level of service for the substantial sums they are now paying to travel. The responsibility for the latest wave of strikes rests on the unions. However, there is a strong case that those who have been worst affected by industrial action should receive compensation for the disruption they have suffered. The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. This should
Do you think your grades accurately reflect your ability?
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.
What is the main idea of this passage?
A:The importance of intelligence.
B:The development of intelligence tests.
C:How to become intelligent.
D:How to understand intelligence.
答案：D
解析：
本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明其观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选D。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于general intelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，本题应选D。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选B。
由文章最后一段第一句话可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选B。
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.
Gardner be1ieves that______.
A:all children are alike
B:children should take one intelligence test
C:there is no general intelligence
D:children have different intelligences
答案：D
解析：
本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明其观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选D。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于general intelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，本题应选D。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选B。
由文章最后一段第一句话可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选B。
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.
According to Gardner,schools should
A:test students'IQs
B:promote development of all intelligences
C:train students who do poorly on tests
D:focus on finding the most intelligent students
答案：B
解析：
本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法，并通过实验观察来证明其观点，因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力，故选D。
文章的第三段和第四段是关于general intelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，本题应选D。
由文章第五段第二句可知，Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的，不能用同一种智力测试来判断，故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句可知，Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展，故选B。
由文章最后一段第一句话可知，Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的，故选B。
共用题干
第二篇
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic （身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.
According to Gardner,schools should________.
A:promote development of all intelligences
B:test students'IQs
C:train students who do poorly on tests
D:focus on finding the most intelligent students
答案：A
解析：
本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解，提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力，以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。
文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点，一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力，还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。
由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知，坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为，做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。
根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知，Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的，不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力，也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。
由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知，Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。
由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知，Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。
