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2018英语二考研英语真题全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

D）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（10分）

New rules and behaviour standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out（颁布） in March. Middle schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. The following are some of the new rules.

Tell the truth. Have you ever cheated(作弊) in an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something honest students should do.

Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Birdloving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate it? You should join! In that way， you can learn more about animals and how to protect（保护） them.

Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll find another earth in space in the future. Everyone’s new ideas are important.

Protect yourself. Has a thief ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go back home late， you should let your parents know.

Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your study. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids， so try to look at the good web pages（网页）. You can use the web pages for fun or homework.

36. What should the best students do in an exam? 

_______________________________________________________________--


正确答案：
They should not cheat./ They should be honest.

According to the passage, most children tend to believe that they go to school because they_____.

A. need to acquire knowledge

B. have to obey their parents

C. need to find companions

D. have to observe the law


正确答案：B

Here&39;s a familiar story. You&39;re sitting at the dinner table with a furry, four-legged friend scratching at your feet. When you look down, those cute eyes are almost impossible to resist.

What is it about a dog&39;s gaze that makes it so charming? A new study by Japanese scientist Miho Nagasawa seems to have found the answer, and it has to do with something called the cuddle(爱抚)chemical.

The cuddle chemical has another, more scientific name: oxytocin. Oxytocin is a substance in the blood that encourages bonding. Levels of oxytocin increase, for example, when a mother feeds her newborn baby. According to Nagasawa&39;s study, the same is true when we look deeply into the eyes of a dog.

The results of this study can tell us a lot about the history of the bond between humans and dogs. It all started somewhere tens of thousands of years ago. Scientists believe that wolves used to follow humans who were hunting large animals. The wolves would eat the food left behind by the humans.

Humans realized that they could use the wolves to help with the hunt, and eventually both species began to work together toward survival.

Over time, the wolves that interacted with the humans began to change. They became more loyal to their human partners. The wolves and humans started to depend on each other and bond with each other. These changes are what caused some of the wolves to turn into what we now know as dogs, a new specie^ evolved to better survive in their environment.

This process depended a great deal on the bond humans formed with them. And according to Nagasawa&39;s study, this bond was formed with the help of oxytocin, the cuddle chemical.

11. What do we know about oxytocin?

A.It regulates blood flow

B.It promotes bonding

C.It is in the human gene

D.It is good for health

When we look deeply into a dog's eyes, the levels of our oxytocin ____.A.reduce over time

B.go either up or down

C.are on the rise

D.remain unchanged

At the beginning wolves followed humans to ____.A.eat the food left by humans

B.guard against large animals

C.take humans for food

D.hunt large animals together

Over time some wolves turned into dogs ____.A.due to their loyalty

B.due to the changing environment

C.for better survival

D.for better cooperation

What does Nagasawa9s study aim to do?A.Explore the role of human-wolf partnership

B.Show the characteristics of the cuddle chemical

C.Explain the bond between humans and dogs

D.Understand the evolution of species

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！


问题 1 答案解析：B


问题 2 答案解析：C


问题 3 答案解析：A


问题 4 答案解析：C


问题 5 答案解析：C

What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A.Body language is uniqun to humans.

B.Animals express emotions just as humans do.

C.Humans have other poeers of communication.

D.Humans are thfferent from animals to some degree.


正确答案：D

Why do the depository institutions have the fractional reserve banking?

A．Because they can keep a large amount of deposits from their depositors in the form. of reserves.

B．Because most of their depositors would withdraw their deposits.

C．Because only a small fraction of their depositors would deposit money during a day or week.

D．Because they can meet the need of withdrawing of their depositors and make investments in other financial assets.


正确答案：D
解析：文章第一段提到Depository institutions...week to withdraw their deposits。存款准备金是指金融机构为保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的在中央银行的存款。存款机构能这样做是因为存款者在不定的时间内会提取存款。只有D选项的意思是与题意相符。

2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12 new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, dont read online comments.1. A ignoreB protectC resolveD discuss2. A seekB refuseC waitD regret3. A riseB hurtC lastD mislead4. A exposeB alertC tieD treat5. A conceptB messageC reviewD trial 6. A deliverB removeC weakenD interrupt7. A Unless B WhenC IfD Though8. A changeB continueC happenD disappear 9. A owing toB rather thanC regardless ofD such as10. A disagreeB discoverC forgiveD forget11. A foodB payC marriageD schooling12. A begin withB lead toC rest onD learn from13. A diligenceB withdrawalC persistenceD inquiry 14. A self-deceptiveB self-reliantC self-destructive D self-evident15. A traceB defineC resist D replace16. A concealB overlookC predictD design 17. A pretendB rememberC promiseD choose 18. A outcomeB relief C planD duty19. A whereB whyC whetherD how20. A limitationsB consequencesC investmentsD strategiesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype . that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporate

He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do,()other people's feelings.

A. according to

B. regardless of

C. because of


答案：B
解析：本句意思：他想什么就说什么，想做什么就做什么，(不管)别人的感受。
according to 根据；regardless of 不管，不顾 because of 由于;根据句意 ，应选B

( ) :refers to the application of the internet and other informatio technology inconventional industries.It is an incomplete equation where various Internets (mobile Internet,cloud computing,big data or Internet of things) can be added to other fileds, fostering new industries and business development.

A.internet plus

B.industry 4.0

C.Big data

D.Cloud computing


正确答案：A

You install a new hardware router that provides wireless network connectivity between your computer and the Internet. You connect to the router by using a wireless network adapter.Your computer is able to access the Internet but is unable to discover other computers in the local wireless network.You need to configure the wireless connection to allow your computer to discover other computers.What should you do?（）

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D


参考答案：A

（ ） refers to the application of the Internet and other information techno1ogy in conventiona1 industries. It is an incomplete equation where various Internets (mobi1e Internet ，cloud computing ，big data or Internet of Things)can be added to other fields， fostering new industries and business development.

A.Internet plusB.Industry 4.0C.Big dataD.Cloud computing


正确答案：A

Do you have other things I can help?（改为同义句）

Da you have_________ _________I can help?


正确答案：
 37． anything else 

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考题 单选题According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____.A should be severely punished for their dishonestyB didn’t have much time to study before the examC could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system正确答案：C解析：第一段最后一句作者引用内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校教务长的话“假如他们花更多的时间在学习上的话，他们都能得到A。”
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考题 Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested Student’s willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified,another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7 left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans.Much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 New Scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire,the insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.in a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.“in other words,don’t read online comments”17选？A.remember B.promise C.choose D.pretend答案：B解析：动宾搭配。
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考题 问答题Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.　　“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.2) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.　　Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.　　All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.3)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.　　Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 4) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.　　5) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.正确答案：(1)【答案】而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的思想和想象。 【解析】这句话中包含一个小的定语从句,可以直接作为定语修饰中心词。句子主语是humans,谓语部分为have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,其中in which they live是定语从句,修饰environment。thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies是现在分词结构作状语。furthermore此外、而且,起到顺承上文的作用。subject …to …,使…服从于…。(2)【答案】社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,力图用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 【解析】本句的定语从句结构比较复杂,包括两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句嵌套在另一个定语从句当中,翻译时需要进行拆分。branch的意思为“分支”。其中the same…that表示与…相同,可以译为就像…那样。seek to do…追求,争取。(3)【答案】强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。 【解析】这句话的一个显著特点就是主语很长,并且结构复杂,因此在翻译的时候要注意主语的断句,其实是两个并列的结构用combined with来连接。the emphasis on对……强调,对……重视。past and present过去与现在。cross-cultural perspective跨文化视角。(4)【答案】泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。 【解析】本句的主要结构是define…as…,把…定义为…。本句翻译的难点在于引用的部分,其中包括一个定语从句,翻译时可以将其拆分。在翻译修饰belief, art , morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits时,要将其后的定语acquired by man as a member of society转化成汉语表达方式,即译成前置定语。 complex whole复合整体。(5)【答案】因此,人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。 【解析】本句包含结构比较复杂的定语从句,翻译时需将其拆分。make sth. possible使…成为可能。immerse广大的,无边的。concrete具体的。解析：暂无解析
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考题 Certain cargoes must be segregated because of their ______．A.Inherent characteristicsB.WeightC.DestinationD.Danger to humans正确答案：A
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