(b) Explain the matters that should be considered when planning the nature and scope of the examination of
Cusiter Co’s forecast balance sheet and income statement as prepared for the bank. (7 marks)
正确答案：
(b) Matters to be considered
Tutorial note: Candidates at this level must appreciate that the matters to be considered when planning the nature and
scope of the examination are not the same matters to be considered when deciding whether or not to accept an
engagement. The scenario clearly indicates that the assignment is being undertaken by the current auditor rendering any
‘pre-engagement’/‘professional etiquette’ considerations irrelevant to answering this question.
This PFI has been prepared to show an external user, the bank, the financial consequences of Cusiter’s plans to help the bank
in making an investment decision. If Cusiter is successful in its loan application the PFI provides a management tool against
which the results of investing in the plant and equipment can be measured.
The PFI is unpublished rather than published. That is, it is prepared at the specific request of a third party, the bank. It will
not be published to users of financial information in general.
The auditor’s report on the PFI will provide only negative assurance as to whether the assumptions provide a reasonable basis
for the PFI and an opinion whether the PFI is:
■ properly prepared on the basis of the assumptions; and
■ presented in accordance with the relevant financial reporting framework.
The nature of the engagement is an examination to obtain evidence concerning:
■ the reasonableness and consistency of assumptions made;
■ proper preparation (on the basis of stated assumptions); and
■ consistent presentation (with historical financial statements, using appropriate accounting principles).
Such an examination is likely to take the form. of inquiry, analytical procedures and corroboration.
The period of time covered by the prospective financial information is two years. The assumptions for 2008 are likely to be
more speculative than for 2007, particularly in relation to the impact on earnings, etc of the investment in new plant and
equipment.
The forecast for the year to 31 December 2007 includes an element of historical financial information (because only part of
this period is in the future) hence actual evidence should be available to verify the first three months of the forecast (possibly
more since another three-month period will expire at the end of the month).
Cusiter management’s previous experience in preparing PFI will be relevant. For example, in making accounting estimates
(e.g. for provisions, impairment losses, etc) or preparing cash flow forecasts (e.g. in support of the going concern assertion).
The basis of preparation of the forecast. For example, the extent to which it comprises:
■ proforma financial information (i.e. historical financial information adjusted for the effects of the planned loan and capital
expenditure transaction);
■ new information and assumptions about future performance (e.g. the operating capacity of the new equipment, sales
generated, etc).
The nature and scope of any standards/guidelines under which the PFI has been prepared is likely to assist the auditor in
discharging their responsibilities to report on it. Also, ISAE 3400 The Examination of Prospective Financial Information,
establishes standards and provides guidance on engagements to examine and report on PFI including examination
procedures.
The planned nature and scope of the examination is likely to take into account the time and fee budgets for the assignments
as adjusted for any ‘overlap’ with audit work. For example, the examination of the PFI is likely to draw on the auditor’s
knowledge of the business obtained in auditing the financial statements to 31 December 2006. Analytical procedures carried
out in respect of the PFI may provide evidence relevant to the 31 December 2007 audit.
(c) Describe the examination procedures you should use to verify Cusiter Co’s prospective financial information.
(9 marks)
正确答案：
(c) Examination procedures
■ The arithmetic accuracy of the PFI should be confirmed, i.e. subtotals and totals should be recast and agreed.
■ The actual information for the year to 31 December 2006 that is shown as comparative information should be agreed
to the audited financial statements for that year to ensure consistency.
■ Balances and transaction totals for the quarter to 31 March 2007 should be agreed to general ledger account balances
at that date. The net book value of property, plant and equipment should be agreed to the non-current asset register;
accounts receivable/payable to control accounts and cash at bank to a bank reconciliation statement.
■ Tenders for the new equipment should be inspected to confirm the additional cost included in property, plant and
equipment included in the forecast for the year to 31 December 2008 and that it can be purchased with the funds being
lent by the bank.
■ The reasonableness of all new assumptions should be considered. For example, the expected useful life of the new
equipment, the capacity at which it will be operating, the volume of new product that can be sold, and at what price.
■ The forecast income statement should be reviewed for completeness of costs associated with the expansion. For
example, operating expenses should include salaries of additional equipment operatives or supervisors.
■ The consistency of accounting practices reflected in the forecast with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
should be considered. For example, the intangible asset might be expected to be less than $10,000 at 31 December
2008 as it should be carried at amortised cost.
■ The cost of property, plant and equipment at 31 December 2008 is $280,000 more than as at 31 December 2007.
Consideration should be given to the adequacy of borrowing $250,000 if the actual investment is $30,000 more.
■ The terms of existing borrowings (both non-current and short-term) should be reviewed to ensure that the forecast takes
full account of existing repayment schedules. For example, to confirm that only $23,000 of term borrowings will become
current by the end of 2007.
Trends should be reviewed and fluctuations explained, for example:
■ Revenue for the first quarter of 2007 is only 22% of revenue for 2006 and so may appear to be understated. However,
revenue may not be understated if sales are seasonal and the first quarter is traditionally ‘quieter’.
■ Forecast revenue for 2007 is 18% up on 2006. However, forecast revenue for 2008 is only 19% up on 2007. As the
growth in 2007 is before the investment in new plant and equipment it does not look as though the new investment
will be contributing significantly to increased growth in the first year.
■ The gross profit % is maintained at around 29% for the three years. However, the earnings before interest and tax (EBIT)
% is forecast to fall by 2% for 2008. Earnings after interest might be worrying to the potential lender as this is forecast
to rise from 12·2% in 2006 to 13·7% in 2007 but then fall to 7·6% in 2008.
The reasonableness of relationships between income statement and balance sheet items should be considered. For example:
■ The average collection period at each of the balance sheet dates presented is 66, 69, 66 and 66 days respectively (e.g.
71/394 × 365 = 66 days). Although it may be realistic to assume that the current average collection period may be
maintained in future it is possible that it could deteriorate if, for example, new customers taken on to launch the new
product are not as credit worthy as the existing customer base.
■ The number of days sales in inventory at each balance sheet date is 66, 88, 66 and 65 days respectively (e.g. 50/278
× 365 = 66 days). The reason for the increase to 88 at the end of the first quarter must be established and
management’s assertion that 66 days will be re-established as the ‘norm’ corroborated.
■ As the $42,000 movement on retained earnings from 2007 to 2008 is the earnings before income tax for 2008 it may
be that there is no tax in 2008 or that tax effects have not been forecast. (However, some deferred tax effect might be
expected if the investment in new plant and equipment is likely to attract accelerated capital allowances.)
it is believed that teaching grammar is less important for children than for adults, and it is less important in listening and reading than in writing.()
During class,the teacher draws a flow chart on the blackboard to show the structure and its inner connection of a passage.What class do you think is it most possible be?
A.Word class.
B.Reading and speaking class.
C.Grammar class.
D.Phonetics class.
答案：B
解析：
考查英语阅读教学内容。
根据题干，老师在黑板上画了一个流程图来展示语篇的结构和内部联系，可知这位老师最有可能进行的就是读和说的技能的教学，所以此题B项最合适。
A项，词汇课；C项，语法课；D项，语音课；均不合题意，故排除。
故此题的正确选项为B。
The primary focus of________method is on memorization of verb paradigms,grammar rules and vocabulary.
A.the grammar-translation
B.audio-lingual
C.communicative
D.total physical response
答案：A
解析：
本题考查语法翻译法
A选项，语法翻译法的主要教学方法是教师讲解与分析句子成分、语音、词汇变化及语法规则，要求学生记忆和运用规则解释课文。综上，A选项正确。
B选项，听说法，故排除。
C选项，交际的，故排除。
D选项，全身反应法 ，故排除。
故正确答案为A 项。
国家开放大学电大专科英语语法2022-2023期末试题及答案（试卷号：2154）Information for the ExamineesThis examination consists of five parts. These are：(20 points)(20 points)(20 points)(20 points)(20 points)PartPartPartPartPartI : Grammar in ReadingII : Grammar in Reading HI : ClozeIV : Error CorrectionV : Grammar in WritingThe total marks for this examination are 100 points.Time allowed for completing this examination is 90 minutes.Part I Grammar in ReadingQuestions 110 are based on Part I .Directions： In the following text, the numbers 1-10 in brackets refer to the underlined parts of the text that come after them, and to the questions below. Read the text first, and then answer the questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.A letterDear Amy,We (l)finally went on the trip to the Middle East that I told you about! Daphne and the Lees came along. We travelled first by plane to Cairo and then (2)by bus to the sites.Egypt is as fantastic as the brochures say! We saw the Pyramids, of course. There was a renovation job (3)going on around the Sphinx, so we had to choose the best angle carefully to take pictures. We spent some time just walking around despite the heat, (4)enjoying the feeling of being there.In the afternoon, we took a boat tour on the Nile, and we had dinner on (5)the boat. It was a delicious meal. I tried vegetables and beans (6)cooked in different ways, with ingredients (7)that I couldnt recognise but (8)that tasted like the best things (9)Vve tried in my life!I cant wait to show you the pictures (10)that we took!Mark1. Can you replace this by final?2. Can you replace this by on?3. Can you use the word go here?4. Can you replace this by enjoyed?5. Can you use the word a here?6. Can you replace this by cooking，？7. Can you replace this by which?8. Can you leave out the word that here?9. Can you replace this by 4I tried?10. What does that refer to in this sentence?Part II Grammar in ReadingQuestions 1115 are based on Part H .Directions: In the following text, the numbers 11-15 in brackets refer to the underlined parts of the text that come after them9 and to the questions below. Read the text first, and then answer the questions Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(11) The older students in our hall had planned t。spook the younger ones last night. .(12)We play tricks likgthis on newcomers, just to welcome them as boarding students. This one took some time to plan, and it was going to be great fun. (13)We fixed white sheets to play ghost and flashlights to guide jus in the dark. Everything was ready by 2am. Jamie had promised she would borrow a camera to film the whole thing, so we could laugh at it together afterwards, and we trusted her. Daniel would get a CD wit、h spooky sound effects. We waited for him but he didnt show up. Neither did Jamie. Where were you?! we asked them at breakfast today. (14) 4 We waited for you for ages! (15)They had both fallen a- sleep so thqt they didnjt hear us knocking at their doors! Um so angry I could scream!11. Change this s、entence into negative form. Follow the example.Example : She likes music. She doesn , t like music.12. Rewrite this sentence by adding an appropriate tag question. Follow the example. Example : She likes music. She likes music , doesn Jt she?13. Change this sentence from active voice into passive voice.14. Build one question about the underlined part in the sentence.
If a teacher gives commands in English and asks students to show understanding by action or gestures, he/she is most probably using__________.
A．Communicative Approach
B．Audio-lingual Approach
C．Grammar Translation Method
D．Total Physical Response
答案：D
解析：
考查英语教学法。全身反应法以“听一做动作”为主要教学组织形式。学习过程中，教师用目标语发出指令．先自己做，等学生能理解后，让学生完成动作，然后边说边做。故选D。
If a teacher gives commands in English and asks students to show understanding by action_______or gestures, he/she is most probably using
A．Communicative Approach
B．Audio-Lingual Approach
C．Grammar Translation Method
D．Total Physical Response
答案：D
解析：
考查全身反应法。全身反应法以“听一做动作”为主要教学组织形式。学习过程中．教师用目标语发出指令，先自己做，等学生能理解后，让学生完成动作，然后边说边做。故选D。
The primary focus of ________ method is on memorization of verb paradigms, grammar rules and vocabulary.
A.the grammar-translation
B.audio-lingual
C.communicative
D.total physical response
答案：A
解析：
本题考查语法翻译法
A选项，语法翻译法的主要教学方法是教师讲解与分析句子成分、语音、词汇变化及语法规则，要求学生记忆和运用规则解释课文。综上，A选项正确。
B选项，听说法，故排除。
C选项，交际的，故排除。
D选项，全身反应法 ，故排除。
故正确答案为A 项。
The situational approach is a grammar-based language teaching method which focuses on ________.
A.grammar and vocabularies
B.oral language and sentence patterns
C.speaking and listening
D.pronunciation and speaking
答案：B
解析：
本题考查情境教学法
B选项，情境教学法是一种以语法为基础，强调口语和句型教学，教学过程中分级处理语法和词汇，并通过情景呈现新教学项目的外语教学法。综上，B选项正确。
A选项，语法和词汇，与题意不符，故排除。
C选项，说和听，与题意不符，故排除。
D选项，发音和说，与题意不符，故排除。
故正确答案为B项。
Upon completing his examination ___ the patient, the docter offered his judgment of her condition.
A.of
B.off
C.about
D.around
答案：A
解析：
本题考察的是介词的用法，题目意为“在完成对病人的检查后，医生做出他对于病人身体状况的判断。”本题要表达的意思是“对病人的检查”，四个选项中只有of可以表示对象或所属关系。因此选A。
