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共用题干 Kicking the HabitWhat is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect those around us,or it could af

题目
共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomnes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their
answers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same
test again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change out ways,but after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to re-
spond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our bad habits also become automatic,learned behaviour.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
In this passage the author tells us that one problem with nanotech is that___

A. it could threaten our way of life
B. It is misunderstood by the public
C. It could be used to spy on people
D. We only see nanotechology in some books and movies

答案：B
解析：

第2题：

共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21 st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74,women to about 80, and these______(51)are rising all the time .What has brought______(52) these changes?When we look at the life______(53)of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest______(54)of the time .In the early 20th century,these were the acute and of-ten______(55)infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the______(56)world these diseases are far______(57)today,and in some cases have almost disappcarcd.A number of______(58)have led to this:improvements in sanita- tion and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which______(59)bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations______(60)common diseases.______(61), people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition.
Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but______(62)people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently reaching that age .The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those______(63)by viruses,such as influenza and AIDS.Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect______(64)people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity______(65)more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as"lifestyle diseases",which means that it may be possiblem to halt their progress.

51._________
A: countries
B: lives
C: years
D: ages

答案：D
解析：
通过上下文可知此处应为“年龄”。


bring ahout意为“带来”,bring in意为“赚取，实现”（一定利润），没有bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it hrought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。


life span是一个固定搭配，意为“寿命”。


从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。


本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不应用比较级。


本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。


本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。


冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用factor。


注意这里的which不是非限制定语从句中指代前面一句话的作用，而是指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和杭生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不用单三形式。cause 没有这样的语法搭配。


该选项为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。


前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition。


整句话的意思是：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。


those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。


本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。


obesitv是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择leading to，现在分词作结果状语。

第3题：

共用题干
第三篇

No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world,but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million.The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.
In the United Kingdom,about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something that happens to other people.As we get older,many of us will become less mobile,hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.
Disablement can take many forms and happen at any time of life.Some people are born with disabilities.Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases.The longer time goes on,the worse they become.Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have disability in the form of a mental illness.All are affected by people's attitude towards them.
Disabled people face many physical barriers.Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends,imagine what would you do if you could not get up steps,or on to buses and trains?What would you do if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic?But there are other barriers:prejudice（偏见）can be even harder to break down and ignorance represents by far the greatest barrier of all.It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fully understand what the disabled go through,so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability,not their disability,which counts.

The last word of the passage "counts" most probably means________.
A:is most important
B:is considered
C:is included
D:is numbered

答案：A
解析：
第一段第一句是该段的主题句。" No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world , but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million.”说明残疾人数量很多。
第四段第一句和第四句是该段主题句。" Disabled people face many physical barriers."',But there are other barriers:prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance represents by far the greatest barrier of all.”该段从实际困难和精神歧视两方面说明残疾人面临的障碍。
文章最后一句："...it is the individual person and their ability, not their disa-bility ,which counts.”大意是“······真正重要的是残疾人的独立人格及其能力，而不是其身体上的残疾。”
选项A、C都出现在第二段中。B是文章所呼吁的。文章最后一段说 "prejudice（偏见）can be even harder to break down and ignorance represents by far the greatest barrier of all"。残疾人所面临的障碍除了身体残疾外，还有人们的偏见和被人们忽视。所以选项D与原文不相符。
主旨题。文章首先叙述残疾人之多和各种残疾，进而从身体和精神两方面阐述残疾人面临的障碍，并指出精神方面的障碍是最难被打破的。因此，可以推论出作者告诫我们应该正确对待残疾人。

第4题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test

again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first?
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：C
解析：
文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。

第5题：

共用题干
Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years
A hundred years ago,life expectancy in developed countries was about 47:in the early 21st century,men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these___1___ are rising all the time. What has brought___2___ these changes?When we look at the life___3___of people 100 years ago,we need to look at the greatest___4___of the time. In the early 20th century,these were the acute and often ___5___ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others,and the weak and elderly were always at risk. In the ___6 ___world these diseases are far___ 7 ___today,and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of ___8 ___have led to this:improvements in sanitation and hygiene,the discovery and use of antibiotics,which ___9___ bacterial diseases much less dangerous,and vaccinations___10___ common diseases. ___11___ ,people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environ-ment:cleaner air,better means of preserving food,better and warmer housing,and better understanding of nutrition. Genetically,we should all be able to live to about 85 but ___12___ people do live longer today,there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chro-nic illnesses,such as heart disease and strokes,and those ___13___ by viruses,such as influen- za and AIDS. Of course,cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect ___14___ people,but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity ___15___ more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as“lifestyle diseases”,which means that it may be possi- ble to halt their progress.

13._________
A: spread
B: affected
C: produced
D: created

答案：A
解析：
通过上下文可知此处应为A项ages“年龄”。
bring about意思是“带来”,bring in意为“赚取，实现（一定利润）”，没有 bring to这个短语，如果用with，此句话必须变成what has it brought with these changes才符合语法，但意思就不符合文章了。所以答案为B。
life span是一个固定搭配，意为“寿命”。所以答案为D。
从下一句可以看出此处应指那些不治之症。所以答案为B。
本句举了天花的例子，下一句指出很多孩子死于这些病，所以此处应为一个表严重的词。high是形容词，不能修饰后面的形容词。acute不是比较级，所以and后面也不能用比较级。所以答案为D。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，通过常识得知应该是发达国家。所以答案为A。
本句后部分说在一些国家这些病已经消失，整段都在说明情况好转，故选C。
冒号后面列举的内容不能统一用其他几个词概括，只能用B项factors。
which指代前面两项内容：卫生的改善和杭生素的发明使用，所以which后的动词不能用单数形式。cause没有这样的语法搭配。所以答案为C。
vaccinations against…为固定搭配，意为对某种疾病的预防接种。所以答案为A。
前面说的是对疾病的防范和控制加强，后面说的是整体环境的改善，两者为并列关系，但是And在书面语中不能这样使用，所以只能选in addition，所以答案为C。
整句话意为：从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁，但是虽然现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。所以此处应该填一个转折副词。所以答案为D。
those指代流感和艾滋病等靠病毒传播的疾病，those后面的动词是过去分词作定语。spread的过去分词与原形相同。所以答案为A。
本句最后指出一些病越来越年轻化，所以此处应选择younger的反义词。所以答案为C。
obesity是心脏病和糖尿病年轻化的重要原因，它和心脏病、糖尿病不是并列关系，而是因果关系，所以选择B项leading to，现在分词作结果状语。

第6题：

共用题干
第二篇

Fear

Fear is something that always remains in our heart. We can never eliminate fear from our life. Fear of failing in exams which can make a negative impact in someone's career,and fear of speaking in public where majority of human think that people will make fun of them.Fear of not being liked, fear of storms and floods,fear of being alone and many others are all very common examples of fear.
Fear can also affect our physical beings like pounding of the heart,rapid pulse rate,tense muscles,dryness of the throat,churning in the stomach,confusion,fainting,and the inability to concentrate.These things are also very common.Fear is only hidden somewhere inside our bodies, pushing us to work hard and moving us forward to overcome our weaknesses.
Fear is the way to our success.I had a very bad experience of fear in my childhood days.My father told me that if I got bad grades another time in my school exams,then he would kick me out of his home and would never allow me to come back again.This sentence of my father stuck in my mind because one of my friends in school at that time recently became homeless.He belonged to a poor family,and his father had lost a big amount of money in a small business near his home.So, the problems he was facing from homelessness made me work hard in my exams;otherwise,I might have been kicked out of home by my father.
Fear sometimes can be motivating,and help us to do those things which we think and believe that we can never do.One of the most common fear inducing activities,for example,is swimming. This is primarily caused by most of us not having a background in swimming and only taking it up because it is part of the sport. Additionally,most humans are uncomfortable in the water as a general rule because of the fear of drowning. This fear of drowning is innately strong,and similar common or strong fears tend not to exist when it comes to cycling or running because they are land based activities.

Which of the following is not a person's physical reaction to fear?
A:Fast pulse rate.
B:Being focused.
C:Feeling confused.
D:Tense muscles.

答案：B
解析：
本题是细节考查题。原文是“Fear can also affect our physical beings like pounding of the heart,rapid pulse rate,tense muscles,dryness of the throat,churning in the stomach,confusion,fainting,and the inability to concentrate”。
本题是阅读理解题。作者讲述自己童年经历的目的是要说明恐惧能让人们进步。
本题考查读者的阅读理解能力。根据上下文可知怕游泳时被水淹是本能的反应，故此词的意思为“天然地”。
本题是细节考查题。原文是“This fear of drowning is innately strong , and similar common or strong fears tend not to exist when it comes to cycling or running because they are land based activities”。
本题考查读者的阅读归纳能力。如何克服游泳时的恐惧是本文没有提到的内容。

第7题：

共用题干
Pain
All of us have felt pain.We have cut ourselves.We have been burned.Or we have had headaches. Some of us suffer pain rarely.______(46)
Pain can take complete control of our body and mind,making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain.Without it,we would not know if we have hurt ourselves.It is our body's warning system.______(47) Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor.It is the most common reason we take medicines.
Until recently,however,most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains.______(48)But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better.
Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals.______(49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain:one very fast,the other slow.The first message is the warning signal.It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second.In less than a second,the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and
how badly it is injured.______(50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.

______(48)
A:And others have painful attacks all the time.
B:These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area , up the spinal cord（脊髓）to the brain , and back down again.
C:It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.
D:They knew little about the process of pain itself.
E:The other message moves at a g peed of only one meter a second.
F:And they send the second,slower message of pain to the brain.

答案：D
解析：
文章第一段提到，我们都曾感受过疼痛。从空格前一句的内容，即“有些人很少遭受疼痛之苦”，可以推断出空格处句子的内容应当与这一句的内容相反，即“另外一些人却总是遭受疼痛的折磨”。
空格前的句子讲到，疼痛是我们身体的警报系统。因此接下来的句子应该说明这样说的原因。
空格后一句讲到，然而，有关疼痛过程的新知识使医生得以更好地控制疼痛。由此可见，空格处句子的内容应与疼痛过程有关，只有D项提到了“process"，即医生对疼痛过程了解得很少。由此可见，D项正确。
空格前一句中的“chemical and electrical signals”等词语是对空格处句子的提示。
文章第四段第二句提到“two different kinds of pain messages"，紧接着又用了“The first message"，显然，空格处的句子应以“The other message”开始。

第8题：

There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilization. However, all new technologies have their teething problems, And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology ---with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realizing it,or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad.all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology.it is how you use it that’s important.So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of traveling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up a totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power .The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
In the author’s opinion, research into nanotechnology probably means that it_

A. has yet to win popular support
B. ought to be continued
C. could be seen as unethical
D. can replicate people completely

答案：B
解析：

第9题：

共用题干
第一篇

Don't Be Workaholic

Workaholic and working hard are quite different.
Working hard involves being organized,focused,getting a lot of work done,knowing when to stop,and having a life other than work.Workaholics,on the other hand,are often disorganized,always find reasons for working more,feel lost without work to do,hide from problems through work, don't know how or when to relax,bring work home from the office,can't communicate well with fellow workers and family members and have unbalanced,one-dimensional lives.
Workaholics,like those who are constantly drunk,suffer from a controlling habit,usually defined as compelling behavior despite negative consequences.They are sometimes pushed into their habit by their work beliefs,by workaholic role models,and by a work system that automatically sanctions workaholism,Despite lip service to the contrary,most employers want loyal employees who work longer hours,rewarding them with higher pay and better benefits.In many companies,workers unwilling to burn the midnight oil are at risk.Certainly,they hazard their jobs by working normal hours.Americans tend to become trapped in a working and spending consumption mode,driven by merchants,that leads them to rack up their expectations.
According to some psychology counselors,workaholism can be both good and bad for us.It can fuel a sense of self-worth and accomplishment. And we get paid for it and praised for it,which produces good feelings we may not necessarily be able to attain in other parts of our lives.

According to the passage,which of the following descriptions about workaholics is correct?
A:They are constantly drunk.
B:They suffer from a controlling habit.
C:Their behaviors have only negative consequences.
D:They all suffer mental diseases.

答案：B
解析：
根据文章第二段对工作努力的人和工作成瘾的人的对比，我们可以发现 A、B、C选项都是工作成瘾的表现，而D项却是工作努力的人的表现。
文章第三段第一句话向我们描述了工作成瘾的人的情况，由此我们可以得出结论选项B是正确的。
sanction当动词用时意思是“支持，批准”,forbid意思是“禁止”,encourage 意思是“鼓励”,approve意思是“批准，许可”,interdict意思是“阻止”。因此只有选项C是正确的。
根据后文，我们知道该句的意思是“大多数雇主尽管口头上说得很漂亮，可他们需要的是忠心耿耿的、愿意加班的雇员，并用高薪和更多的福利来奖励他们”。因此选项A是正确的。
文章第三段和第四段告诉我们只有选项C是正确的。

第10题：

共用题干
Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit?The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly,almost
without thinking about it,and which has some sort of negative consequence.This consequence could affect
those around us,or it could affect us personally.Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad
habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits,like sucking our thumb,are broken when we are very young.We are either told to
stop doing it by our parents,or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same
habit,and we gradually grow out of it.It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in
our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem.Unless we can break that habit early on,it
becomes a part of our life,and becomes"programmed"into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits,it is the
old ways that tend to win,especially in situations where we are rushed,stressed or overworked.Habits that
we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back.During the study programme,the researchers showed
a group of volunteers several pictures,and gave them words to associate with them.They then showed the
volunteers the same pictures again,and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later,the volunteers were given a test.The researchers showed them the pictures,and told
them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one.It came as no surprise that their an-
swers were split between the first set of words and the second.Two weeks later,they were given the same test

again.This time,most of them only gave the first set of. words.They appeared to have completely forgotten
the second set.
The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.We may
try to change our ways,hut after a while,the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we
learned.The more that response is used,the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond
in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time,our had habits also become automatic,learned behavior.
This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break
them.Even when we try to put new,good intentions into practice,those previously learned habits remain
stronger in more automatic,unconscious forms of memory.

We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not nientioned

答案：B
解析：
文章第二段讲到，一些早期的习惯，像吮吸手指之类的习惯在我们很小的时候就戒掉 了。并没有说男孩子们在小时候通常会染上坏习惯。故选C。
在文章第二段中，作者指出我们之所以能戒掉早期的坏习惯是因为有父母告诉我们不 要这样做，或者是我们有意或无意地观察到别人都不这样做。文章中并没有说我们戒掉坏习 惯的唯一方法是别人的告知。故选B。
文章第三段讲到，最近一项关于人类记洲忆力的研究表明不管我们如何努力地尝试着改 变坏习惯，坏习惯还是难以戒掉，特别是在我们忙碌，紧张或是过度劳累的时候，我们认为已经 戒掉的坏习惯就会突然跑回来。故选A。
由文章第四段第三句话“It came as no surprise that...“，可知研究者对测试结果毫不奇 怪，在他们意料之中。故选B。
文章第四段讲到，两个星期后，这些被测试者重新做相同的测试。大多数人只能给出 第一组的单词，好像他们完全忘了第二组单词。文章中并未提到被测试者发现第二次测试要 难一些。故选C。
文章倒数第一二段指出，这一研究证实了这一点，我们第一次学到的反应方式在一段时 间后仍然在我们脑海里留下最深印象、尽管我们试图去改变，但一段时间后，首先出现在脑海 的还是我们第一次学到的反应方式。文章中并未提到研究表明对我们最先学习的那些东西做 出反应更加困难。故选C。
文章最后一段讲到，研究表明在一段时间后，坏习惯会变成无章识的习得性行为。这 对那些在年轻时就染上坏习惯而现在想要戒掉的人们来说不是个好消息。也就是说，年轻时 染上的坏习惯很难戒掉。故选A。

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