共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role

题目

共用题干
第三篇

Food for Learning

In Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate.
That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditional
ideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and
should not get an education or look for a job.
These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving
their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children
and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is
great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting
enough food is a daily problem.
To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new
program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to
take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the
boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National
Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women
and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring-
ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to
earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day
looking for food and preparing it for their families.
The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join
he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend free
literacy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea,
5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen
to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.
The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same
system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving.
These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun-
try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.

The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to________.
A:encourage parents to keep girls at home
B:change traditional attitudes towards women
C:help girls feed their families
D:create more jobs for Eritrean teachers

参考答案和解析

答案：B

解析：

短文第二段第一句提到，是对妇女的传统观点影响了经济的发展，故选C。
从短文第三段中间可知，政府此举在于改变对妇女的传统观念。
从短文第五段第三句可知，只要她们参加免费的识字课就可以领到食物，所以选A。
从短文第三段第一句可知，这一项目是厄立特里亚政府和国际组织合作的结果。因此，选项C正确。
从短文第五段的第一句可知，该项目旨在改善妇女的生活条件。

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

The principal factor depressing life expectancy in developing countries has always been the high death rate for infants and children. The World Bank studies suggest that as much as two thirds of the difference in life-spans between people in developed countries and those in developing ones can be traced to differences in survival rates for children under five. It is here where the most improvement has come. According to UN estimates, significant regional drops in infant mortality - ranging from 25 percent to 60 percent and centering near 40 percent - appear to have taken place between the late 1950s and the late 1970s in northern Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Although sub-Saharan Africa' s mortality trends cannot be quantified with confidence, there is reason to believe that life expectancy has risen and infant mortality has declined in that region as well. There is little doubt that population growth has accelerated in sub-Saharan Africa since the 1950s; in fact, sub-Saharan Africa is widely thought to have the highest rate of population growth of any major region in the world. Only a small portion of that acceleration is likely to have been caused by increases in fertility (and increases in fertility, insofar as they have occurred, may also imply improvements in health and nutrition).

Mortality, of course, is not a perfect measure of nutritional change. Improved nutrition is only one of a number of forces that have been pushing down death rates in developing countries. Others include the upgrading of hygiene and sanitation; the extension of public health services; medical innovations; improvements in education, communications, transportation, and, in some areas, civil order. Even so, the extent to which improvements innutrition—both direct and indirect—have reduced mortality in developing countries has frequently been underestimated. For example, Sri Lanka experienced an abrupt jump in life expectancy shortly after the Second World War. Whereas this was long described as a "technical fix"—a triumph of DDT over the anopheles mosquito—years later researchers realized that abrupt and rapid drops in mortality had also taken place in Sri Lanka' s highlands, or "dry zones", where malaria had never been a serious problem. In both highlands and lowland regions health improved in tandem with access to food.

According to the author, life expectancy in developing countries is not high mainly because developing countries______.

A．have a low standard of living

B．have no public health services

C．have no public and private hygiene and sanitation

D．have low survival rates for infants and children

正确答案：D
解析：从第一段第二句可以看出答案。

第2题：

About 40 ________ of the population of that country ________ on farms.

A.percents...lives

B.percents...live

C.percent...live

D.percent...lives

正确答案：C
解析：本题考查主谓一致的用法。尽管“40 percent”表达的是数字，但在本句中它所修饰的"population" 指“多少人”，是复数概念，所以谓语动词应该用 “live”。句意：“那个国家百分之四十的人口以农业为生。”

第3题：

从下面方框中选择适当的词填入短文中，使短文通顺正确（注意有些词要用适当的形式）。方框中有两个多余的词。 elephantrainblack grow snow bebecome

This country is far away from China, Like China, it is also a developing country. It has a population of about 45 million. Of these, 76 percent are (76)____________ and 12 percent white. It has a warm climate (气候). Either it never rains, or it (77) __________ a lot!. It is the world’s biggest producer of gold, and it sells diamonds(钻石) to other countries. It (78) ____________ a lot of fruits, including oranges, pears, and grapes, and it makes wine.

There (79)_________ lots of large forests where you can see a lot of wildlife(野生动物), including lions, (80) ___________, zebras, and giraffes. Many people like to go and travel in this country. Can you guess the name of this country.

正确答案：
76. black 77. rains 78. grows 79. are 80. elephants

第4题：

With the Food for Training program,women get a large package of food as long as__________.
A: they attend free literacy classes every day
B:they have no land of their own
C:they bring up their families on their own
D:they live in refugee camps

答案：A

解析：

第5题：

共用题干
Why So Many Children
In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia,the population is growing fast.The reason for this is simple:Women in these countries have a high birth rate—from 3 .0 to 7.0 chil-dren per woman.The majority of these women are poor,without the food or resources to care for their families .Why do they have so many children?Why don't they limit the size of their fami-lies?The answer may be that they often have no choice.There are several reasons for this.
One reason is economic .In a traditional agricultural economy,large families are helpful. Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In an industrial economy,the situation is different.Many children do not help a family;instead,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate .This was the case in Italy,which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of the twentieth century,Italy was a poor,largely agricultural country with a high birth rate .After World War Ⅱ,Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the world's lowest.
However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.Saudi Ara-bia,for example,does not have an agriculture-based economy,and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate(7.0).Mexico and Indonesia,on the other hand,are poor countries,with largely agricultural economies,but they have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly,other factors are involved.The most important of these is the condition of women.A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.This
would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia .There,the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home.On the other hand,the im-proved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand,and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and oppotunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control.Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so．In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive,birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore,Sri Lanka,and India，as well as in Indonesia,Thailand,Mexico,and Brazil.In these countries,women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families．
These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to de-pend on better economic conditions.It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs .Only then,in fact,does it have any real chance of success．

According to this passage,in the early part of 20th century,Italy was an____.
A: agricultural country with a high birth rate
B: agricultural country with a low birth rate
C: industrialized country with a low birth rate
D:.industrialized country with a high birth rate

答案：A

解析：

本题的问题是：在传统的农业经济中，大的家庭的影响是什么？从文中第二段第二句和第三句话可以得出明确的答案。“ In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful.Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.”所以答案为A，是优势。

本题的问题是：当国家工业化后，人口和出生率的状况是什么？从第二段意大利的例子可以明确得出答案。“In the early part of the twentieth century , Italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate.After World War Ⅱ,Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.”由此可见出生率降低。

本题的问题是：本文举出意大利的例子要说明什么？从第二段意大利的前后对比的情况可以看出正确答案为A。

本题的问题是：文中提到沙特阿拉伯的例子说明了什么？由第三段开头可知“However , the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.”下面将要介绍其他的因素，之后以沙特阿拉伯为例。故正确答案为B。经济以外影响出生率的因素。

本题的问题是：墨西哥、泰国、印度尼西亚的政府采取了怎样的措施？从文中第四段后半部分“On the other hand , the improved condition of women in Mexico , Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.”可以得出结论。另一方面从第四段开头也可以得出结论。“ The most important of these is the condition of women.”之后举出这几个国家的例子，从而也可以得出结论。

第6题：

Your Bean Steak (素肉排), Sir!

What sort of food are we likely to be eating in the year 2000?

Most people, when you ask them a question like that, either say: " There won't be any left, " or "Whatever it is, there won't be much taste in it." Of course, there are good reasons for being worried about the world's food supplies in the future.Nevertheless, not all the experts share these worries.

For one thing, although the world's population is rising fast, food production is keeping pace with it, even in developing countries.It is therefore argued that the main reason why people are hungry is not that there is a world food shortage but that methods of cultivation are not sufficiently advanced in some areas and the food is not fairly distributed ( 分配 ).

This does not mean, however, that our diet ( 饮食 ) will go on being the same.In many industrialized countries, people feed animals with grain to produce high-quality beef, even though the grain would feed the human population, and use fishmeal to fatten pigs to improve the quality of bacon.While not many of us would like fishmeal for lunch, its nutritional value is high and the unattractive fish it is made from can be presented to the public in colorful packets of fish fingers.

By the year 2000, many of these problems will have been solved.Scientists are already capable of making steaks from soy beans.It is quite obvious that there will still be enough to eat, if we are not too particular about where the food comes from and what it is made of.

1.Most people believe that food supplies in the future().

A、will become a very serious problem

B、will be the same as they are today

C、will be enough in quantity but not good in quality

D、will be much better than they are today

2.The reason why people are hungry in today's world is().

A、poor farming methods and bad distribution

B、slow growth of food production

C、food shortages all across the world

D、fast rising population

3.The word "bacon" in Line 5, Para.3 most probably is().

A、a kind of "meat" made from grain

B、meat made from fish

C、food for fish

D、meat made from pigs

4.The word "particular" in Line 4, Para.4 means().

A、special

B、choosy

C、detailed

D、very exact

5.The title of this passage suggests that().

A、food in the future will be tasteless

B、there will be worldwide food shortages

C、diet in the future will be very different

D、science is making rapid progress

参考答案：AADBC

第7题：

共用题干
第一篇

Why So Many Children

In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia,the population is growing fast.The reason for
this is simple.Women in these countries have a high birth rate一from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The
majority of these women are poor,without the food or resources to care for their families.Why do they have so
many children?Why don't they limit the size of their families?There are several reasons for this.
One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,large families are helpful.Having more
children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In an
industrial economy,the situation is different.Many children do not help a family;instead,they are an ex-
pense.Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,which was
industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of the twentieth century,Italy was a poor,largely
agricultural country with a high birth rate.After World War II,Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and
industrialized. By the end of the century,the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the world's lowest.
However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.Saudi Arabia,for exam-
pie,does not have an agriculture-based economy,and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the
world.Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate(7.0).Mexico and Indonesia,on the other hand,are
poor countries,with largely agricultural economies,but they have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly,other factors are involved.The most important of these is the condition of women.A high birth
rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.This would explain the high
birth rate of Saudi Arabia.There,the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few
possibilities outside the home.On the other hand,the improved condition of women in Mexico,Thailand,and
indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to
provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control.Women may want to limit their families but have no
way to do so.In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive,birth
rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore,Sri Lanka,and India,as well as in Indonesia,Thailand,
Mexico,and Brazil.In these countries,women have also been provided with health care and help in planning
their families.These trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to de-
pend on better economic conditions.

When countries become industrialized,_________.
A:the birth rate generally goes down
B:families often become larger
C:women usually decide not to have a family
D:the population generally grows rapidly

答案：A

解析：

由文章第二段第二、三句话“In a traditional agricultural economy, large families are help-ful.Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of theparents in old age.”可知，在传统的农业经济中，家庭成员多是一种优势。故选B。
由文章第二段第六句话“Thus , industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate.”可知，当一个国家工业化后，其人口出生率就降低了。故选A。
由文章第二段的内容可知，意大利工业化后，其人口出生率就降低了，是低人口出生率的工业化国家的一个例子。故选C。
文章第三段的第一句提到“However, the economy is not the only important factor thatinfluences birth rate."，下面以沙特阿拉伯为例介绍了除经济以外影响出生率的因素。故选D。
由文章第四段后半部分“On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mexico, Thailand,and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.”可知，墨西哥、泰国和印度尼西亚的政府都已采取措施改善女性的境况。

第8题：

The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, poor land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more chance of development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand.

One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control program lies in the fact that of ficial attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, the first concern of government will be to set a limit on the birthrate, whatever the final result may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods.

When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and building industry grow weaker. Faced with concern such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.

(1)The main topic of this article is _____________.

A、environment protection

B、population growth

C、environment and economy

D、climate changing

(2) The passage says that a small population may lead to _____________.

A、higher production, but a lower average income

B、lower production and lower average income

C、higher production and a higher average income

D、lower production, but a higher average income

(3) According to the passage, the use of birth control perhaps is good for_____________.

A、a developing country

B、a developed country

C、the whole world

D、each nation with a big population

(4) In a developed country, people will perhaps be unemployed if the birthrate _____________.

A、goes up

B、goes down

C、remains stable

D、is out of control

(5) The author is aiming to show that_____________.

A、humans will run out of their food supply in the future

B、it is necessary for humans to carry out a worldwide plan for birth control

C、different nations have different views of population growth

D、we need to take necessary measures to prevent the overuse of natural resources.

参考答案：BCABC

第9题：

According to the passage,traditional ideas about women_________.
A:are rejected by the younger generation
B:help improve the economy
C: hinder economic development
D:have little impact on economic development

答案：C

解析：

第10题：

The new literacy programs are an example of__________.
A:the work of 5,000 women and teenage girls
B:the problems with international aid organizations
C:local and international organizations working together
D:the Eritrean government working to keep its power

答案：C

解析：

共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role

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共用题干 第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role

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共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role