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资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Colu

题目
资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning.
The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips.
Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer.
1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family!
2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park.
3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math.
4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest.
5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer.
Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break.

What makes Lower-income children lose in learning, according to Dr. Harris Cooper? （ ）

A.Less outdoor activities over the summer
B.More housework over the summer
C.Less money gained over the summer
D.More part-time work over the summer
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Dyslexia is a problem that restricts the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. People with this learning disorder may also have problems when they write. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves areas of the brain that process language. Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading to provide them with early help. John Gabrieli at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is leading the study of five-year-olds in about twenty schools in the Boston area.

They studied in the schools with kindergartens. And for all the children joining in the study, they give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appear to be at some risk for struggling to read. So far, fifty of them have been examined in a scanner, a specialmachine, to show brain activity. Written tests are not always able to identify dyslexia or otherproblems, while brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems. And with reading problems, early identification is important. When it comes to helping children overcome reading difficulties, the younger the child, the more effective they are.

Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade. The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less treatment can help. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. Reading is everything. Even math and science have textbooks.

While the children are given tasks related to reading, the brain scans measure the extent to which certain parts of the brain become active while the children do the work. The scientists say they are pleased with early results from the study, but have a long way to go.

1.Dyslexia affects the part of brain concerning ________.

A. eyesight B. intelligence C. language D. emotion

2.Dyslexia problems are more likely to be identified through ________.

A. speech contests B. reading efficiency

C. listening comprehension D. brain scans

3.According to the passage, which of the followings has the best time to overcome reading difficulties?

A. Tom, a boy in the kindergarten.

B. Kate, a high school leaver.

C. Jane, a primary school student.

D. Steve, a man in his thirties.

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. An effective way to identity Dyslexia at an early stage.

B. A learning disorder involving one’s intelligence.

C. Dyslexia — a problem affecting one’s reading and writing.

D. A possible solution to the problems related to Dyslexia.


参考答案：CDAC

第2题：

请阅读短文，完成此题。
What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.
Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at metal work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.
If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in apart-time job. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.

The whole passage centers on__________.
查看材料

A．choosing a career according to what one is skilled in
B．acquiring knowledge by working hard at school
C．finding one's strong and weak points
D．developing one's abilities useful in school work

答案：A
解析：
本文大意是你可以根据自己擅长的科目来选择你适合的职业，重要的是通过自己的表现来认识自己，而不是一味地将目光放在成绩是好还是坏上面。因此应选A。

第3题：

Mr. Huntington's study showed that ______.

A. the climate of the place where one lives may have an effect on his intelligence

B. all people turn out to be less intelligent in summer due to the hith temperature

C. people are less smart in summer due to the lack of factors existing in spring

D. people live in tropic are less intelligent than people live in cooler area


正确答案：C
47．答案为C。根据第三段第一句，Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking作出该项选择。

第4题：

An increase in students applying to study, economics at university is being attributed to the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.
Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.
Professor John Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures which are open to students from all departments--were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.
"There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to ~'elate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn't traditionally done. " He added.
University applications rose 7% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15%,jump, with people's renewed interest in caters in the pubic sector, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.
A recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.
Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: "It's possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that's financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty."
According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters__________.

A. wiser in money management
B. have access to better equipment
C. confide about their future careers
D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds

答案：A
解析：
细节理解题，由文中最后一段最后一句话可知。

第5题：

共用题干
Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.
Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A:Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.
B:Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.
C:Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of the brain cells.
D:Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.

答案：A
解析：
根据第七段最后一句可知，Doctor Dully的研究表明学习障碍者的大脑不仅左半边有损伤，更大的范围也会有损伤，因此B项正确；根据第四段最后两句可知，研究表明有学习障碍的人的脑神经细胞排列，不像正常人的那样成线状排列，而是混在一起，因此C项正确；根据第四段第三到五句可知，左脑的脑细胞控制言语，左脑有问题可能造成学习障碍，因此D项正确：而A项表述在本篇文章中没有依据，因此选择A项。
根据第四段第二、三、四、五、六句可知，研究者发现了两个反常现象：学习障碍者左脑细胞的颜色反常，正常人的是白色，他们的是灰色；学习障碍者的脑神经细胞的排列异常。
根据第二段第二句可知，科学家们已经知道学习障碍不一而同，导致的原因也不同，因此A项正确；根据第三段第一、二句可知，学习障碍不表现在外部，因此B项正确；根据第七段第二句可知，学习障碍者的大脑活动异于常人，因此D项正确。第一段第二句表明，约有10%的孩子有学习障碍，并不是10%的人有学习障碍，因此选择C项。
根据第七段最后一句可知，Doctor Dully认为学习障碍者不仅局限于左脑有损伤，更大的脑域都可能有问题，因此选择D项。
本篇文章并没有表明要帮助有学习障碍的孩子提高智力，或要研究孩子如何读书、书写与使用数字，故排除A、B两项；根据第四段第三句可知，科学家们已经知道左半脑控制人的语言能力，故排除D项。根据文章内容和叙事逻辑可知，选项C为正确选项。

第6题：

下面哪些句子正确表达"你为什么辞去上一份工作?"()

A、Why did you quit your last job?

B、Why did you do your last job? C.Why did you resign from your last job?

D、Why did you give up your last job?


参考答案：ACD

第7题：

根据题目要求完成下列任务。用中文作答。
在教授Where did you go on vacation?--课时，某教师做出如下教学设计：
2．Presentation(呈现新知识)
T：(从复习中引出)Where did you go last weekend?
S：1 went to…
T：Where did you go on vacation last summer?Do you remember?
S：1 went to…通过图片呈现单词on vacation last summer．
T：Do you like to leave home and do something fun with lots of friends for a few days on vacation?
S：Yes，I d0．
T：Then you can go to the summer camp．
5．Listen and repeat(听音跟读)
T：Now let’s listen to the tape and repeat．Please try to read like the tape．
6．Follow up(进一步扩展)
T：Now it’s your turn to make up your own dialogues．Please work with your group(four
students in one group)and ask each other questions about where you and your friend went on?vacation last summer．
E．g．A：Hi／Hey…Where did you go on vacation?
B：I?went to…
A：Cool／Fantastic／…And where did…?
B：He／she went to…
…
根据上面的信息，从下列两个方面作答：
(1)在此教学过程中，该教师是如何创设情境的?(15分)
(2)除了该教师所用的创设情境的方法，创设情境还有哪些手段?(至少三种)(15分)


答案：
解析：
(1)该教师通过以下方式创设情境：①运用图片创设情境
在Presentation环节用图片呈现单词、短语创设情境，不但可以克服死记硬背单词容易遗忘的缺陷，而且能培养学生灵活运用单词的能力，学会在交际中使用单词，达到学以致用的最终目的。
②运用生活创设情境
在Followup处．教师引导学生从实际生活出发，运用所学内容，可以很好地激发学生兴趣，使他们积极思维．从而更好地引导学生理解、掌握语言知识。
③运用现代化媒体创设情境
在教学设计中，教师让学生听录音，灵活运用电教手段，为学生提供真实自然的语言使用示范，让学生置身于以英语为母语的环境中，体验英语的实际运用。
(2)创设情境的手段：
①运用活动创设情境
新课程倡导培养学生的语言实践能力、体验和探究意识，而要实现这一目标，创设活动的情境是一种有效的教学方法。教师可以结合学生情况及教学内容设计多样化的教学活动，如：小组竞赛、角色扮演、上网查询、社会调查、游戏活动等。
②运用语言创设情境
语言情境是创设情境教学的最基本、最常用的方法。在教学中，语言是教学活动中不可缺少的必备条件。教师常常以语言描绘或形象的肢体语言与其他直观手段结合运用，把学生带入特定的情境，引发学生的学习热情。
③运用问题创设情境
问题是探究的起点，学生面对问题是走向探究的第一步。教师设置合理的问题情境对激发学生的求知欲至关重要。创设问题情境可从五方面人手：利用知识的关联性创设问题情境；利用对某一问题的不同观点、看法创设问题情境；联系生活实际和热点、焦点问题创设问题情境；利用学生的典型错误创设问题情境；通过活动直观演示创设问题情境。
总之，教学情境的创设和利用没有固定的方法，教师要根据教学任务、教学对象、教学设施及教师本人的素质，选择适当的创设情境的途径，不断激发学生的学习兴趣，提高课堂教学效果。
名师如何巧解题？查看视频解析>>

第8题：

Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit?

A. to be introduced

B. to have introduced

C. having introduced

D. being introduced


参考答案：B

第9题：

共用题干
Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.
Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.

According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made______.
A:to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligence
B:to study how children learn to read and write,and use numbers
C:to investigate possible influences on brain development and organization
D:to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning

答案：C
解析：
根据第七段最后一句可知，Doctor Dully的研究表明学习障碍者的大脑不仅左半边有损伤，更大的范围也会有损伤，因此B项正确；根据第四段最后两句可知，研究表明有学习障碍的人的脑神经细胞排列，不像正常人的那样成线状排列，而是混在一起，因此C项正确；根据第四段第三到五句可知，左脑的脑细胞控制言语，左脑有问题可能造成学习障碍，因此D项正确：而A项表述在本篇文章中没有依据，因此选择A项。
根据第四段第二、三、四、五、六句可知，研究者发现了两个反常现象：学习障碍者左脑细胞的颜色反常，正常人的是白色，他们的是灰色；学习障碍者的脑神经细胞的排列异常。
根据第二段第二句可知，科学家们已经知道学习障碍不一而同，导致的原因也不同，因此A项正确；根据第三段第一、二句可知，学习障碍不表现在外部，因此B项正确；根据第七段第二句可知，学习障碍者的大脑活动异于常人，因此D项正确。第一段第二句表明，约有10%的孩子有学习障碍，并不是10%的人有学习障碍，因此选择C项。
根据第七段最后一句可知，Doctor Dully认为学习障碍者不仅局限于左脑有损伤，更大的脑域都可能有问题，因此选择D项。
本篇文章并没有表明要帮助有学习障碍的孩子提高智力，或要研究孩子如何读书、书写与使用数字，故排除A、B两项；根据第四段第三句可知，科学家们已经知道左半脑控制人的语言能力，故排除D项。根据文章内容和叙事逻辑可知，选项C为正确选项。

第10题：

共用题干
第二篇

Exercise and Brain

Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.
"It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.
In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive.
"The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."
Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.

Vigorous physical exercise can________.
A:provide the brain with more fuel
B:increase the formation of connections in the brain
C:make the brain better able to process information
D:do nothing good to our brain

答案：A
解析：
选项A、B、C中提到的锻炼身体的好处在第一段均提到了，只有D项文中没有提到。因此选择D。
文章第二段第二句提到：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。因此选择A项，而B项和C项是技巧性运动的功能，D项不符合文章意思。
文章第三段和第四段告诉我们选项A应该是。nning inside an automatic wheels；选项B文中没有提到是inside还是outside；选项C应该是a great number of brain connections；选项D是正确的。
文章第五段第一句告诉我们“学习一种新的舞蹈和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍”，因此A和B项都排除。根据文章第三段和第四段，我们知道只有being inactive inside不能促进大脑发展。
根据文章我们知道选项A里老鼠的实验结果应当可以应用到对人类的研究，因此是错误的；文章第五段告诉我们选项B的表述是正确的；文章第六段告诉我们“经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度”，但并没有说该实验结果不能应用于其他年龄段的人，因此是错误的；根据文章第二段我们知道两种锻炼对大脑会产生不同的影响，因此选项D也是错误的。

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