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Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a me

题目
Text 3 There are plenty of good reasons for a young person to choose to go to university:intellectual growth,career opportunities,having fun.Governments are keen on higher education,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.In a desperate attempt to stand out,students are studying even longer,and delaying work,to obtain master's degrees.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities,such as intelligence and diligence,which someone already has in order to get into a universiry.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands and who are most likely to drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost in their future incomes.Many school-leavers are being misled about the probable value of universitty.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options afier school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.School-leavers should be given a wider variety of ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.Ifschool qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability,and less insistent on degrees.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productvity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,govemments would do better to direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the arms race in academic qualifications,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.
For the weakest students,the value of university is——.

A.deceptive
B.overvalued
C.expanded
D.overlooked
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

D

The Cost of Higher Education

Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.

A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.

Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.

If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.

Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.

68. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to

A. taxpayers

B. pressing calls

C. college graduates

D. government resources


正确答案：B

第2题：

In

C、hina a young person comes of () on his/her 18th birthday.

A、adult

B、age

C、year

D、growth


参考答案：B

第3题：

People may choose further education for ()

A.meeting competition

B.reaching a higher target

C.just hobbies

D.perparign an exam


参考答案：ABCD

第4题：

共用题干
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(61)
A:moderate
B:average
C:lower
D:higher

答案：D
解析：
本文第一句就将主题和盘托出“Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ..."。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。
第二段第二句讲到：该项研究的样本是在1950-1976年之间入伍的120 万名新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智商测试，研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers“答案”、works“作品”和scores“分数”都不合适。
上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在······之中”，数量超过两个人或两件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
空格所在句子的意思是：身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。四个选项中logical“逻辑思维的”符合文意。critical"临界的，评论的",typical“典型的”,positive “正面的”，都与上下文的意思不符。
play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是正确答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game“玩游戏”和play a trick“恶作剧”与上下文的意思不搭。
" Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung（健康意味着心肺功能好）"，所以选项disease“疾病”和treatment“治疗”可以排除。而good heart and lung后接 shape“形状”，意思是“好的心肺形状”，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity“能力”才是答案。
如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺功能好，这与大脑有什么关系呢？常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心肺功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，oxygen是答案。
reason (s)后面的定语从句的关系副词要用why。
第三段第三句给本题的答案提供了线索：" But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test , and not strength.（是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用。）”本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength 说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength"肌肉力量”。本题的答案是。
本空格所在句的意思是：“通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论：智商的差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，这就解释了健康和高智商之间的联系。”填入本句最适合的词是able。 clever , lucky和clear都不合适，因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness “健壮体魄”，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力（cognitive performance）有关。根据这一推论，入选的选项只有improve。
研究一下句子“This being the case , physical ________ is a subject..."，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有 physical education“体育”是门学科，所以，答案是D。
第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体能测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体能检查，所以要选during ( national service)，而before , after , without都与上述意思不符合。
研究人员还将新兵入伍报到时的体能测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是什么时候的社会经济地位呢？最合理的选择是later in life“后来的生活中”。而later in marriage“后来的婚姻中”, later in residence“后来的居住中”或 later in service“后来的服务中”与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以都不是正确答案。

第5题：

共用题干
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(54)
A:logical
B:critical
C:typical
D:positive

答案：A
解析：
本文第一句就将主题和盘托出“Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ..."。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。
第二段第二句讲到：该项研究的样本是在1950-1976年之间入伍的120 万名新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智商测试，研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers“答案”、works“作品”和scores“分数”都不合适。
上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在······之中”，数量超过两个人或两件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
空格所在句子的意思是：身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。四个选项中logical“逻辑思维的”符合文意。critical"临界的，评论的",typical“典型的”,positive “正面的”，都与上下文的意思不符。
play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是正确答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game“玩游戏”和play a trick“恶作剧”与上下文的意思不搭。
" Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung（健康意味着心肺功能好）"，所以选项disease“疾病”和treatment“治疗”可以排除。而good heart and lung后接 shape“形状”，意思是“好的心肺形状”，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity“能力”才是答案。
如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺功能好，这与大脑有什么关系呢？常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心肺功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，oxygen是答案。
reason (s)后面的定语从句的关系副词要用why。
第三段第三句给本题的答案提供了线索：" But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test , and not strength.（是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用。）”本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength 说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength"肌肉力量”。本题的答案是。
本空格所在句的意思是：“通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论：智商的差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，这就解释了健康和高智商之间的联系。”填入本句最适合的词是able。 clever , lucky和clear都不合适，因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness “健壮体魄”，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力（cognitive performance）有关。根据这一推论，入选的选项只有improve。
研究一下句子“This being the case , physical ________ is a subject..."，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有 physical education“体育”是门学科，所以，答案是D。
第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体能测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体能检查，所以要选during ( national service)，而before , after , without都与上述意思不符合。
研究人员还将新兵入伍报到时的体能测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是什么时候的社会经济地位呢？最合理的选择是later in life“后来的生活中”。而later in marriage“后来的婚姻中”, later in residence“后来的居住中”或 later in service“后来的服务中”与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以都不是正确答案。

第6题：

The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to

A. argue against free university education

B. call on them to finance students' studies

C. encourage graduates to go into business

D. show their contribution to higher education


正确答案：A

第7题：

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence． The first is the sort of brain he is born with． Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others． But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn． So the second factor is what happens to the individual--the sort of environment in which he is brought up． If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?
demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．
?The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that__________．

A.human brains differ considerably
B.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
D.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

答案：C
解析：
能够体现主旨的最好论述是C项，即环境在决定一个人智力高低上面起关键性作用。

第8题：

Every country should try their best to provide equal opportunities for every citizento go on ______their education.

A.to

B.with

C.for


参考答案：B

第9题：

共用题干
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.

_________(63)
A:examination
B:labor
C:movement
D:education

答案：D
解析：
本文第一句就将主题和盘托出“Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ..."。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。
第二段第二句讲到：该项研究的样本是在1950-1976年之间入伍的120 万名新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智商测试，研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers“答案”、works“作品”和scores“分数”都不合适。
上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在······之中”，数量超过两个人或两件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
空格所在句子的意思是：身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。四个选项中logical“逻辑思维的”符合文意。critical"临界的，评论的",typical“典型的”,positive “正面的”，都与上下文的意思不符。
play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是正确答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game“玩游戏”和play a trick“恶作剧”与上下文的意思不搭。
" Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung（健康意味着心肺功能好）"，所以选项disease“疾病”和treatment“治疗”可以排除。而good heart and lung后接 shape“形状”，意思是“好的心肺形状”，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity“能力”才是答案。
如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺功能好，这与大脑有什么关系呢？常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心肺功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，oxygen是答案。
reason (s)后面的定语从句的关系副词要用why。
第三段第三句给本题的答案提供了线索：" But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test , and not strength.（是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用。）”本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength 说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength"肌肉力量”。本题的答案是。
本空格所在句的意思是：“通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论：智商的差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，这就解释了健康和高智商之间的联系。”填入本句最适合的词是able。 clever , lucky和clear都不合适，因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness “健壮体魄”，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力（cognitive performance）有关。根据这一推论，入选的选项只有improve。
研究一下句子“This being the case , physical ________ is a subject..."，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有 physical education“体育”是门学科，所以，答案是D。
第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体能测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体能检查，所以要选during ( national service)，而before , after , without都与上述意思不符合。
研究人员还将新兵入伍报到时的体能测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是什么时候的社会经济地位呢？最合理的选择是later in life“后来的生活中”。而later in marriage“后来的婚姻中”, later in residence“后来的居住中”或 later in service“后来的服务中”与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以都不是正确答案。

第10题：

Many young people are drawn to big cities by their good opportunities.

A:transported
B:pushed
C:attracted
D:immigrated

答案：C
解析：
许多年轻人被大城市的机会吸引而来。transport“运输”，如：transport food to flood-stricken areas运食物到受洪水侵袭的地区。push“驱使”，如： Don't push me for an answer．别逼我给出答案。attract“吸引”，如：I am attracted to the amazing view．我被美景所吸引。immigrate“移民”，如：His grandpa immigrated from Japan 50 years ago．他的祖父50年前从日本移民。

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