共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine w

题目

共用题干
第二篇

Medical Education

In 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either
learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the
traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine was first taught formally by
specialists at the University of Pennsylvania,beginning in 1765,and in 1767 at King's
College(now Columbia University),the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of
doctor of medicine.Following the American Revolution,the Columbia medical faculty
(formerly of King's College)was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
chartered in 1809,which survives as a division of Columbia University.
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college
degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an
attached teaching hospita'.The growth of medical schools attached with established
institutions of earning went together with the development of proprietary（私营的）schools of
medicine run for personal profit,most of which had low standards and poor facilities.In
1910 Abraham Rexner,the American education reformer,wrote Medical Education in the
United States and Canada,exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools.
Subsequently，the American Medical Association(AMA)and the Association of American
Medical Coleges(AAMC) laid down standards for course content,qualifications of
teachers,laboratory facilities,connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical
practitioners（开业医师）that survive to this day.
By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by
the Liaison（联络）Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. a degree ; during the
1987-88 academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an
estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated.Graduates,after a year of
internship（实习期）,receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by
a state board or by the Nafional Board of Medical Examiners.

In l8th-century America,higher institutions of learning that taught medicine
A:did not exist.
B:were few in number.
C:were better than those in Europe.
D:were known for thei:teaching hospitals.

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Passage Two

Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.

In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers (大臣) or teachers.

In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard's law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.

As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.

Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with (涉及) special fields of learning. There's so much to learn that one kind of school can't offer it all.

36. The oldest university in the US is______.

A. Yale

B. Princeton

C. Harvard

D. Columbia

正确答案：C

36．答案为C 从短文第一句可知美国最古老的学校是哈佛。

第2题：

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
　　Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
　　There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
　　The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
　　Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
　　The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
The author will probably agree with which of the following statements
　　

A. Medical schools should make exams easier for the students to alleviate the fierce competition.
B. Prominent figures in the medical institution should create a set of moral standards to be applied in medical schools.
C. Medical students should play an active role in the creation and preservation of a culture of integrity.
D. Those students who cheat in the exams should be instantly expelled from school.

答案：C

解析：

第3题：

The United States has more than one hundred twenty medical colleges. The American Association of Medical Colleges says these schools have about seventy thousand students.

How hard is it to get into one of the top medical schools, like for example the one at Yale University in Connecticut? Last year almost three thousand seven hundred students hoped to get accepted there. Only one hundred seventy-six -- or less than five percent -- were admitted.

People who want to become medical doctors often study large amounts of biology, chemistry and other science. Some students work for a year or two in a medical or research job before they try to get accepted to medical school.

Medical students spend their first two years in classroom study. They learn about the body and all of its systems. And they begin studying diseases -- how to recognize and treat them. By the third year, students guided by experienced doctors begin working with patients in hospitals. As the students watch and learn, they think about the kind of medicine they would like to practice as doctors. During the fourth year, students begin applying to hospital programs for the additional training they will need after medical school. Competition for a residency at a top hospital can be fierce.

A medical education can be very costly, especially at a private school. One year at a private medical college can cost forty thousand dollars or more. The average at a public medical school is more than fifteen thousand dollars. Most students have to take out loans to pay for medical school. Many finish their education heavily in debt.

Doctors are among the highest paid professionals in the United States. Specialists in big cities are generally the highest paid. But there are also doctors who earn considerably less, including those in poor communities.

(1)Which of the following ideas is NOT suggested in the passage?

A、It is hard to get into one of the top medical schools.

B、The United States has more than one hundred twenty medical colleges.

C、Medical students need two years' classroom study.

D、After graduating from medical schools, the students become doctors.

(2)How many years the medical students take to graduate from medical school?

A、2

B、3

C、4

D、1

(3)In what way many medical students pay for their medical education?

A、Have part-time jobs in hospitals.

B、Take out loans.

C、Their parents pay for it.

D、Work hard for the scholarship.

(4)What the medical students begin to do in their fourth year of study?

A、Looking for a job.

B、Working with patients in hospitals

C、Applying to hospital programs for the additional training.

D、Learning about the body and all of its systems

(5)_______ are generally the highest paid.

A、Specialists in big cities.

B、Experienced doctors.

C、Doctors in poor communities

D、Doctors who graduated from private medical schools.

参考答案：DCBCA

第4题：

共用题干
第二篇

Going Her Own Way

When she was twelve,Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life.She decided
that she wanted to continue her education.Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay at home after
primary school,though some attended private Catholic"finishing"schools.There they learned a little about
music,art,needlework,and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested
Maria-or her mother. By this time,she had begun to take her studies more seriously.She read constantly
and brought her books everywhere.One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study
in the dark.
Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way.That meant attending the public high
school,something that very few girls did.In Italy at the time,there were two types of high schools:the
"classical"schools and the"technical"schools. In the classical schools,the students followed a very tradi-
tional program of studies,with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature,and Italian literature and
history. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.
Maria,however,wanted to attend a technical school.The technical schools were more modern than the
classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages,mathematics,science,and accounting. Most
people一including Maria's father一believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.
Furthermore,they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.
Maria did not care if it was proper or not.Math and science were the subjects that interested her most.
But before she could sign up for the technical school,she had to win her father's approval. She finally did,
with her mother's help,though for many years after,there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to
oppose her plans,while her mother helped her.
In 1883,at age thirteen,Maria entered the"Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti"in Rome.
Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine.Though the courses included modern subjects,the
teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating
them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way.
Teachers were very demanding;discipline in the classroom was strict;punishment was severe for those who
failed to achieve or were disobedient.

Maria's father probably__________.
A:had very modern views about women
B:had traditional views about women
C:had no opinion about women
D:thought women could not learn Latin

答案：B

解析：

由文章第三段第一句话“Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school.”可知答案为C。
由文章第一段第三句话“Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay at home afterprimary school...”可知答案为B
由文章第三段倒数第二句话“Most people including Maria' s father believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.”说明玛利亚的父亲对女人所持的是传统观念。
由文章最后一段最后一句话可知，在那时的意大利高中学校中，教师是非常严格的。
文章内容表明，玛利亚意志非常坚定，她冲破传统的束缚，进了她向往的技校。

第5题：

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
　　Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
　　There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
　　The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
　　Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
　　The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating
　　

A. Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B. Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C. Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D. There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

答案：C

解析：

第6题：

About 21，000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.

Instead，they receive their elementary and high school education by working at home on computers.The Center for Education Reform. says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools.” and that is about twice as many as two years ago.

The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live.Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools.They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.

Other educators praise this new form. of education for letting students work at their own speed.These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools.They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.

Whatever the judgement of cyberschools，they are getting more and more popular.For example，a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall.It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.

Children get free equipment for their online education.This includes a computer，a printer，books and technical services.Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.

Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another.But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time.They were guests of honor at their graduation.

1、What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?

A、They have to take long bus rides to school.

B、They study at home rather than in classrooms.

C、They receive money from traditional public schools.

D、They do well in traditional school programs.

2、What is a problem with cyberschools?

A、Their equipment costs a lot of money.

B、They get little support from the state government.

C、It is hard to know students' progress in learning.

D、The students find it hard to make friends.

3、Cyberschools are getting popular became().

A、they are less expensive for students

B、their students can work at their own speed

C、their graduates are more successful in society

D、they serve students in a wider age range

4、We can infer that the author of the text is().

A、unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools

B、excited about the future of cyberschools

C、doubtful about the quality of cyberschoois

D、disappointed at the development of cyberschools

参考答案：BCBA

第7题：

请阅读Passage 1，完成第小题。
Passage 1
The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination.
Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients,colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant;there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour--if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve;indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?
查看材料

A．Medical schools should establish a firm moral standard to weed out applicants with low integrity.
B．Medical schools should make efforts to remedy the ills of a society.
C．Medical schools should teach future doctors integrity and ethical values.
D．There is nothing medical schools can do to improve the ethical behaviour of their students.

答案：C

解析：

A项“医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候．作者用的是虚拟语气“if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance”．即如果能有可靠的标准．能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说“Medical schools…cannot be expected to reinedy all the ills of a society．”。D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高。而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说．医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感．故选C。

第8题：

I was one of those people who went to __________ college knowing exactly what I wanted to do with __________ life.

A./, my

B.a, the

C./, the

D.my, my

参考答案：A 解答参考：A go to college是固定短语，意为"上大学"do with my life 直译为"利用自己的一生"hopes and dreams 之后有 of 短语修饰，所以前面应加 the 表示特指

第9题：

In those days,most Italian girls__________.
A:went to classical schools
B:didn't go to high. school
C:went to"finishing"schools
D:went to technical schools

答案：B

解析：

第10题：

Maria wanted to attend a__________.
A:private"finishing" school
B:school with Latin and Greek
C:technical high school
D:school for art and music

答案：C

解析：

共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine w

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共用题干 第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine w

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共用题干第二篇Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America,those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London,Paris, and Edinburgh.Medicine w