共用题干 Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV

题目
共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.

The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
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相似问题和答案

第1题:

An antivirus program (1) a virus by searching code recognized as that of one of the thousands of viruses known to afflict computer systems. An antivirus Program also can be used to create a checksum for (2) files on your disk, save the checksums in a special file, and then use the checksums to (3) whether files have been modified perhaps by a new virus. Special terminate and stay resident (TSR) programs can check for unusual (4) to access vital disk areas and system f11es, and check files you copy into memory to be sure they are not (5) .

A.declares

B.deducts

C.defeats

D.detects


正确答案:D

第2题:

Tracking Down HIV

  In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removedfrom below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rarefm of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling exhaustion.In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who haddiseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doct had a T-cell counttaken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that playsa key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells.

  By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infectionsrelated to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death tollwas 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnmalities. People who hadreceived blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS), had been repted; 184 people had died.

  In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated thepathogen, disease producer, responsible f2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. InParis, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An internationalpanel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. Itbecame known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screeningf HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected throughblood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV throughblood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.

  In 1996, researchers announced drugs that reduced HIV in infectedpeople. Today scientists are testing vaccines believe that if HIV can besuppressed, then perhaps it can be eradicated3, but it is still a race againsttime.

  词汇:

  spot n. 地点,斑点,斑块,青春痘

  lymph n. 淋巴结

  sarcoma n. 肿瘤,肉瘤,恶性毒瘤

  exhaustion n. 衰竭,耗尽,精疲力竭

  immunologist n. 免疫学家

  malfunction n. 故障,失灵,疾病

  count n. 计数,计算

  infection n. 传染病,感染

  breakdown n. 故障,衰弱,崩溃

  toll n. 代价,死亡人数

  intravenous drug n. 静脉注射药物

  abnmalities n. (abnmality的复数形式)畸形,异常情况

  blood transfusion n. 输血

  symptom n. 症状

  virologist n. 病毒学家

  virus n. 病毒

  panel n. 座谈小组,仪表板

  hemophiliac n. 血友病患者

  vaccine n. 疫苗

  注释:

  1.play a key role...扮演一个关键角色,有至关重要的作用

  2.be responsible f...对……负责,是……的原因

  3.can be eradicated可以被根除的

  练习:
3.The final paragraph leads the reader to see that scientists ____.

  A have no hope in ever finding a cure fHIV

  B have hope that a cure f HIV will befound

  C have run out of time to find a cure fHIV

  D are in a contest against each other tofind a cure f HIV


答案:B
解析:
3.B 文章最后一段的最后一句话提到了解题线索,即现在科学家正在测试预防艾滋病的疫苗,他们相信,如果该病毒能被抑制,就可能被根治。

第3题:

(3~4题共用题干)

男性,40岁,静脉毒瘾患者,近期发热、肌痛、淋巴结肿大,外周血常规检查单核细胞增多,疑为HIV感染。

初步诊断试验可用的方法是

A.病毒分离培养

B.ELISA检测HIV抗体

C.ELISA检测HIV抗原

D.间接免疫荧光法检测HIV抗原

E.放射免疫沉淀法检测HIV抗原


正确答案:B
HIV的检测主要是检测HIV 抗体,其中初筛试验包括酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)、层析法和凝集法等。

第4题:

共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.

HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案:A
解析:
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了七个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索,在短文中查找到相关句:A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year.该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”,因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索,这样在短文中查找到相关句:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved.划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”,所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文,上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议,因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒,从这个句意来看,显然料体句中的“The plan”,也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”,既然这种想法引发争论,当然也就不可能被普遍接受了,所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索,在短文中找到相关句: Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”,显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索,这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses,并因此找到相关句:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies.这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞,然后再消灭它们”,根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说,如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较(than...other),则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的,是短文中实际未提及的信息,或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况(other),这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索,结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名,所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索,这样发 现相关句:Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容(划线结构),该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”,现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关,所以关注上下文:上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes(与replacement genes呼应)that do not function normally.提到“在过去两年里,遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”,因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”,因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确:原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”,而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索,这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家,也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼,所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况,因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。

第5题:

共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.

It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案:B
解析:
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了七个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索,在短文中查找到相关句:A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year.该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”,因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索,这样在短文中查找到相关句:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved.划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”,所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文,上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议,因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒,从这个句意来看,显然料体句中的“The plan”,也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”,既然这种想法引发争论,当然也就不可能被普遍接受了,所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索,在短文中找到相关句: Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”,显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索,这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses,并因此找到相关句:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies.这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞,然后再消灭它们”,根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说,如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较(than...other),则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的,是短文中实际未提及的信息,或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况(other),这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索,结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名,所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索,这样发 现相关句:Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容(划线结构),该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”,现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关,所以关注上下文:上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes(与replacement genes呼应)that do not function normally.提到“在过去两年里,遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”,因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”,因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确:原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”,而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索,这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家,也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼,所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况,因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。

第6题:

下列关于人类免疫缺陷病毒的特点不正确的是A.分为HIV-1和HIV-2B.HIV属于反转录病毒S

下列关于人类免疫缺陷病毒的特点不正确的是

A.分为HIV-1和HIV-2

B.HIV属于反转录病毒

C.为RNA病毒

D.产生抗体多为中和抗体

E.主要感染CD4+T淋巴细胞


正确答案:D

第7题:

共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.

The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案:C
解析:
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了七个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索,在短文中查找到相关句:A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year.该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”,因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索,这样在短文中查找到相关句:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved.划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”,所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文,上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议,因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒,从这个句意来看,显然料体句中的“The plan”,也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”,既然这种想法引发争论,当然也就不可能被普遍接受了,所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索,在短文中找到相关句: Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”,显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索,这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses,并因此找到相关句:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies.这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞,然后再消灭它们”,根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说,如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较(than...other),则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的,是短文中实际未提及的信息,或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况(other),这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索,结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名,所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索,这样发 现相关句:Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容(划线结构),该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”,现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关,所以关注上下文:上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes(与replacement genes呼应)that do not function normally.提到“在过去两年里,遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”,因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”,因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确:原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”,而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索,这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家,也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼,所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况,因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。

第8题:

(13~14题共用题干)

患者,男性,40岁,静脉毒瘾患者。近期发热、肌痛、淋巴结肿大,血常规示单核细胞增多,疑拟HIV感染。

初筛试验可用

A.病毒分离培养

B.ELISA检测HIV抗体

C.ELISA检测HIV抗原

D.间接免疫荧光检测HIV抗原

E.放射免疫沉淀检测HIV抗原


正确答案:B

第9题:

共用题干
Ebola Outbreak
1. You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Eb-ola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientists believe that humans contracted the vi-rus by eating the meat of rare animals.It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus。
2. To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone,Liberia and Guinea. However,other countries such as Nigeria have reported con-firmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3. Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids .Though the virus is transmittable,only an infected person exhib-iting symptoms is communicable.
4. The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection.Symptoms include disgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chest pain,bleeding and sore throat.
5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symp- toms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制),making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6. The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.While diseases such as the malaria(疟疾)are far more communicable,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infec- tions .Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in
A:.infected body fluids
B: against the outbreak severity
C: the mode of transmission
D: the initial days of being infected
E:.three countries in West Africa
F: within a wide range of days

答案:C
解析:
第二段中提到埃博拉病情爆发的几个地点:Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea,几个地名提示,本题答案为D。


第三段第一句“Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.”告诉我们,你如果并未到达疫情爆发地点,那么你患病几率为0,因此得知答案为A(我是否可能遭遇病毒)。


第四段第一句“The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.”便提及了埃博拉病毒的患病症状,故可知答案为C(我如何知道我是否患病了)。


第五段第一句话“Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.”告诉了我们埃博拉病毒的致病机理。故本题答案为E(埃博拉病毒堆积造成什么样的影响)。


由第一段第一句话“You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.”可知,埃博拉病毒爆发于西非的几个国家。故本题选E。


由题干中的SARS可定位到第三段,其中“Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.”提示,答案为C(它们的传播方式不同)。


由第四段的“Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection.”一句可知,潜伏期为二到三周不等,故本题选F。


根据第三段的“Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids.”可知,体液的接触是主要传播途径。故本题选A。

第10题:

共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune(免疫的)defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗)trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学)have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.

The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body's immune cells.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案:A
解析:
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了七个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索,在短文中查找到相关句:A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治疗) trials this year.该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”,因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索,这样在短文中查找到相关句:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved.划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”,所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文,上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议,因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒,从这个句意来看,显然料体句中的“The plan”,也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”,既然这种想法引发争论,当然也就不可能被普遍接受了,所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索,在短文中找到相关句: Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊,但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”,显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索,这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses,并因此找到相关句:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies.这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞,然后再消灭它们”,根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说,如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较(than...other),则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的,是短文中实际未提及的信息,或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况(other),这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索,结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名,所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索,这样发 现相关句:Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容(划线结构),该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”,现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关,所以关注上下文:上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes(与replacement genes呼应)that do not function normally.提到“在过去两年里,遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”,因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”,因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确:原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”,而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索,这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家,也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼,所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况,因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。

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