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Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take ad

题目

Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

We can infer from the third paragraph that .

［A］ rich people are more interested in cloning humans than animals

［B］ cloning of animal pets is becoming a prosperous industry

［C］ there is no distinction between a cloned and a natural dog

［D］ Missy’s master pays a lot in a hope to revive the dog


正确答案：B
推理题。第三段首句提到，克隆狗是能带来丰厚科研报酬的商机。下文举了两个例子进一步说明：动物医学院频繁接到电话，以及富人一掷千金想克隆爱犬，因此可以推出答案是［B］ 。［A］ 项文中没有提及，［C］与文意相反，［D］项原文中密斯的主人只是想要一个密斯的孪生子，而不是让密斯死后复活。

第2题：

It is quite natural for British people to hold the door when people are getting in a lift.()

此题为判断题(对，错)。


参考答案：对

第3题：

I will never again () the noble potato, golden fruit of the earth, to which we owe so much.

A、take off

B、take back

C、take sth. for granted

D、take down


参考答案：C

第4题：

共用题干
第一篇

Human Evolution

Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

What does the example of India illustrate?
A:Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
B:Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
C:The middle class population is 80%smaller than that of the tribes.
D:India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.

答案：B
解析：
文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。

第5题：

Having reviewed their articles will give us a much better feel for the major differences between the two schools of thought.()


正确答案:错

第6题：

It is easy to detect the physical differences between originals and copies.()


参考答案：错误

第7题：

A lot of people will()this party,so the cup is not().

A、take part on,enough

B、take,enough

C、take part in,much

D、take part in,enough


正确答案:D

第8题：

The Conservative Party's victory in April's general election persuaded him to () President again.

A、take after

B、take for

C、run after

D、run for


参考答案：D

第9题：

The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction(交往)between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical(重要的)to ensuring(保证)that interpersonal communication is successful.

Intercultural awareness(跨文化意识)is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes(减少)the possibility of misunderstandings (误解)and/or causing offense (冒犯)through intercultural mishaps(意外). Secondly, it is a means to maximizing (使……最大化)the potential of business relationships through the utilization(利用)of intercultural differences productively.

One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors(主管), managers, salespeople, consultants (顾问)and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder(阻碍)the success of a presentation.

1. What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?()

A.Understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people.

B.Greater interaction between people from different cultures.

C.Offense through intercultural mishaps.

D.Misunderstanding through intercultural mishaps.

2.What can we infer(推理)from the text about intercultural communication?()

A.There are many differences among people from different cultures.

B.Misunderstandings seldom occur(发生)in intercultural communication.

C.Intercultural mishaps do not exist within the business environment.

D.Business presentation is an easy job in intercultural communication.

3.How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?()

A.It minimizes the possibility of misunderstandings in intercultural communication.

B.It can help people find the intercultural factors that can hinder the success of a business presentation.

C.It can help people use intercultural differences productively.

D.All of the above.

4.What does intercultural awareness mean?()

A.Intercultural differences in intercultural communication.

B.Understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people.

C.Giving a business presentation.

D.Misunderstandings through intercultural mishaps.

5.If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?()

A.The intercultural factors that can hinder the success of a business presentation.

B.Misunderstandings in intercultural communication.

C.Intercultural mishaps.

D.How to use intercultural differences productively.


正确答案：1.A2.A3.D4.B5.A

第10题：

共用题干
第一篇

Human Evolution

Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because______.
A:life has been improved by technological advance
B:the number of female babies has been declining
C:our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
D:the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing

答案：A
解析：
文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。

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