单选题The best title for this passage might be “______”.A Dr Starzl and Transplant SurgeonsB Transplant Surgery in the USC The Future of Transplant SurgeryD Success in Transplant Surgery and Shortage of Organs

共用题干
Organ Donation and Transplantation

1 Organ donation（捐献）and transplantation（移植）refers to the process by which organs or tissues
from one person are put into another person's body.
2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
because of the shortage of donated organs.
3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent（同意）.If you are 18 years or
older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency（紧急）of
the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient（接受
者）are considered.

Organ donors range in age from newborns to________.
A:donated organs
B:the national waiting list
C:a donor card
D:senior citizens
E:all possible efforts
F:the most suitable candidate

共用题干
Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one,but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend,a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons.First,it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney.(The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly.But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision,and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something,however,it doesn't mean you should.Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk.You could argue that you may be helping to save a life,but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So,what are the risks?“As with any major operation,there is a chance of dying,of reoperation due to bleeding,of infection,of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision,”
says Dr.Arthur Matas,director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis.Even laparoscopy,a relatively new technique for kidney
donation,is not risk-free.Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made;selling an organ is illegal.But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare.Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability,it never hurts to have an independent opinion.The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone,not even a close relative,pressure you into giving up an organno matter if you're healthy.“There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend,father, mother if you don't do this,” says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics.Certain transplant centers will invent a“medical prob- lem”on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.

Certain transplant centers invent“medical problems” to cheat potential kidney donors.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

A transplant operation is successful only if doctors can prevent the body from rejecting the ____organ.

A. borrowed
B. strange
C. novel
D. foreign

共用题干
Organ Donation and Transplantation

1 Organ donation（捐献）and transplantation（移植）refers to the process by which organs or tissues
from one person are put into another person's body.
2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors.About
3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month.Each day,about 77 people
receive organ transplants.However,18 people die each day waiting for transplants that can't take place
because of the shortage of donated organs.
3 There are rio age limits on who can donate.Newborns as well as senior citizens have been organ
donors. If you are under age 18 , you must have a parent's or guardian's consent（同意）.If you are 18 years or
older,you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.
4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs,the doctor or the emergency room staff
won't work as hard to save their life.This is not true.The transplant team is completely separate from the
medical staff working to save your life.The transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors
have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed.
5 If you need an organ transplant,your doctor will help you get on the national waiting list.Your name
will be added to a pool of names.When an organ donor becomes available,all the patients in the pool are
compared to that donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ, medical urgency（紧急）of
the patient's illness , time already spent on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient（接受
者）are considered.

Doctors will try their best to save your life even if you've signed________.
A:donated organs
B:the national waiting list
C:a donor card
D:senior citizens
E:all possible efforts
F:the most suitable candidate

共用题干
Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one,but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend,a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons.First,it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney.(The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly.But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision,and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something,however,it doesn't mean you should.Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk.You could argue that you may be helping to save a life,but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So,what are the risks?“As with any major operation,there is a chance of dying,of reoperation due to bleeding,of infection,of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision,”
says Dr.Arthur Matas,director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis.Even laparoscopy,a relatively new technique for kidney
donation,is not risk-free.Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made;selling an organ is illegal.But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare.Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability,it never hurts to have an independent opinion.The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone,not even a close relative,pressure you into giving up an organno matter if you're healthy.“There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend,father, mother if you don't do this,” says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics.Certain transplant centers will invent a“medical prob- lem”on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.

You don't have to be dead to donate a kidney,but you had better know the risks before you give it up.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

共用题干
Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one,but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend,a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998.
There are many reasons.First,it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney.(The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.)In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly.But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision,and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks.
Just because you do something,however,it doesn't mean you should.Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk.You could argue that you may be helping to save a life,but you certainly can't pretend that you're better off with one kidney instead of two.
So,what are the risks?“As with any major operation,there is a chance of dying,of reoperation due to bleeding,of infection,of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision,”
says Dr.Arthur Matas,director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis.Even laparoscopy,a relatively new technique for kidney
donation,is not risk-free.Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000.
There's no money to be made;selling an organ is illegal.But the recipient's insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare.Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability.
Although transplant centers must evaluate any potential donor's suitability,it never hurts to have an independent opinion.The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Never let anyone,not even a close relative,pressure you into giving up an organno matter if you're healthy.“There's often the feeling that you're not a good friend,father, mother if you don't do this,” says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvania's center for Bioethics.Certain transplant centers will invent a“medical prob- lem”on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they can't say no.

No one sells organs in the U.S.since it is illegal.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned