填空题People have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.____

题目

填空题

People have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.____

参考答案和解析

正确答案： F

解析：
根据题干信息“difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking”可以定位到F段“The pathway has been established and it’s just easier to continue following it than trying to think about something new and form a new connection in the brain.”，由于思维已经形成，保持它比在大脑中试着想象新的事情、形成新的连接更容易，故匹配段落为F。

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

III阅读理解（20分）

There are many different kinds of cars in the world． My uncle thinks this is because cars are like their drivers． He says: "Rich people have expensive cars，big people have large cars，and old people drive old cars． "But I don-t agree with him．

My neighbor，Mrs Hill，is 82 years old． She drives only to the bank on Tuesdays． She never drives more than 30 kilometers an hour． Do you think Mrs Hill has a very old and small car? No! Her car is new．lt-s very large，and it can g0 200 kilometers an hour!

My friend Mike is an artist． He draws beautiful pictures with lots of colors． But his car is black! Mrs Bates has a very，very old car．lt often has engine trouble． Does she drive that kind of car because she is poor? No，she has four factories and two million dollars in the bank． My aunt Mary has a very small car． Every Sunday，she．drives to the country with her husband，her three children，her mother and their dog．

Now，you have read about some people and their cars． Do you agree with my uncle? Maybe your family have cars． Do you want to say something about them?'

( )21． What does the writer-s uncle think of cars and their drivers?

A． Big people drive small cars．

B． Old people drive new cars．

C． Poor people have expensive cars．

D． Rich people have dear cars．

正确答案：D
Ⅲ．21.D【解析】从文中第一段第三句作者叔叔说的话中“...Rich people have expensive cars”可知答案．

第2题：

Do you have any idea what you would like to be and do after graduation? A lot of people don′! begin thinking about careers until they reach junior or senior year, which, in my opinion, is too late.
When people are trying to decide what they want to do, it helps to know something they love. Ever since I was little, I′ve always been doing someone′s hair, make-up or nails, starting with Barbie dolls and progressing to humans. Over the years my family has really inspired me to do this and now I fix friends′ and family members′ hair for weddings, dances and other big events.
I have been thinking about what I would like to do for a career since middle school. I did some research and discovered that I might really enjoy being a cosmetologist, so I went to my hair stylist and asked her lots of questions about what it takes to reach her level and what she would recommend I do. I considered her advice and then did more research.
I used Aveda′ s website to get information on the Aveda Institute and what type of credit (贷款) I would need from high school to apply. I found their institute has three parts: theoretical knowledge, practical experience, and professional business-building skills. For the past few years, I have been looking at Aveda in more and more detail. This school not only offers cosmetology, but also massage therapy. I grew up in Minnesota (美国中北部的一个州), so I plan to apply to the institute in Minneapolis that several people have highly recommended. It helps students become "future industry leaders in hair care, skin care, makeup and total body wellness". It is affordable and everyone there is friendly and understanding.
Having done the groundwork and thinking about what I′d like to do after high school, I know that I will definitely pursue my dream of becoming a cosmetologist.
Why does the author think it′s too late for people to start thinking about careers in junior or senior year?

A.Because he/she began to think about them when very young.
B.Because many people are too old to learn.
C.Because a lot of people can't grasp the opportunity.
D.Because many people have little they love.

答案：A

解析：

推断题。根据第二段可知，作者很小的时候，就开始想这个问题了。

第3题：

The project requires more labor than ____ because it is extremely difficult.

A.has been put

B.have been put

C.being put in

D.to.be put in

答案：A

第4题：

Passage Three
Americans are well known for the strange diets they always seem to be following．It seems that Americans like to diet almost as much as they like to eat．New types of diet plans are always coming out．Usually,though,they don't stay popular for long．
There are many diets on the market．It is often difficult to know which ones really work．It's also hard to believe how fast a dieter is supposed to shed pounds．A lot has been written about dieting．And some interesting facts about diets and foods have been discovered．
For example,did you know that the more celery you eat,the more weight you will lose?Celery has“negative”calories．The body burns up more calories digesting a piece of celery than there are in the celery stick itself．
Dieters?shun?potatoes because they think they are fattening．But they aren't．A potato has about the same number of calories as an apple．To gain a single pound,you would have to eat eleven pounds of potatoes!
Some dieters even worry about getting fat from licking postage stamps．But they have nothing to worry about．The glue on an average stamp has only about one-tenth of a calorie．Maybe a diet of post-age stamps would be popular?

Celery is a good food for the dieter because______

A.it has a lot of protein
B.vegetables are not fattening
C.it has“negative”calories
D.it is easy to digest

答案：C

解析：

暂无解析

第5题：

A.vegetables
B.fads
C.Americans
D.dieting

答案：D

解析：

暂无解析

第6题：

共用题干
How We Form First Impression
We all have first impression of someone we just met.______(46)Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits? The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits,even very minor difference in how a person's eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information-the sights and sounds of your world.These incoming"signals"are compared against a host of"memories"stored in the brain areas called the cortex（大脑皮层）system to determine what these new signals "mean".
If you see someone you know and like at school,your brain says"familiar and safe".______(47) Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other"known"memories.The height,weight, dress,ethnicity,gestures,and tone of voice are all matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brain may say,"This is new.I don't like this person."______(48)Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity,gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says:"I like this person."______(49)
When we stereotype people:we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history,interest, values,strengths,and true character-we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.
______(50)If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person's character,we use a different,more mature style of thinking-and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allow us to be humane.

______(48)
A:However,if we resist initial stereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like.
B:But why?
C:But these preliminary"impressions"can be dead wrong.
D:If you see someone new,it says,"new-potentially threatening".
E:The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking,which is similar to the immature form of a very young child.
F:Or else,"I'm intrigued."

答案：F

解析：

空格后的问句是对空格前一句的提问，选项中只有B项与前后语境联系最为紧密。
空格前一句的大意是：如果你在学校看到你认识且喜欢的人，你的大脑会作出“熟悉且安全”的判断；空格后一句的大意是：紧接着你的大脑会开始将这个陌生人的特征与“已知”的记忆进行比较。由此可知，空格处讲的应该是你见到陌生人时的印象，所以选择D项。
空格前一句话的大意是：你对这些特征越不熟悉，大脑就越会告诫你：“这是个陌生人，我不喜欢”；空格后一句话讲的也是你见到陌生人的一种反应。由此可见空格处也是见到陌生人的一种反应，F项符合题意。
结合语境可知，第三段讲的主要是见到陌生人的第一印象，最后一句应是总括句，第四段又讲到第一印象的弊端，所以可以推测出空格处应得出结论，即第一印象或许会完全错误，所以选择C项。
根据最后一段第二句可知，如果我们摒弃第一印象，跟陌生人多多相处的话，会更加了解这个人，也会让我们变得更人性。由此可知，空格处应该与此相照应，说明抵制第一印象的好处，所以选择A项。

第7题：

共用题干
Who Want to Live Forever?
If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long,would you take it?
The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories.Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.
This seems a great idea.Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own.
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr.Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."
Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them.They also affect society as a whole."We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is‘What will we get as a society?'I suspect it won't be a better society."
It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.
Divorce rates are rising.What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years?And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer.And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart.We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice.That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.
Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer.That would give us the benefits of age-skill,wisdom and good judgment.
On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs.It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult.And how easily would a 25 -year-old employee be able to communicate with a 1 25 -year-old boss?
Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.
And society would feel very different if more of its members were older.There would be more wisdom, but less energy.Young people like to move about.Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to cxperience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less,enthusiastic about everything.
The effect of anti一ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now.
"If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."

All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT______.
A:communication between employers and employees would be more difficult
B:more money would be used by employers in payment of their employees
C:the job market would be more competitive
D:it would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions

答案：B

解析：

由文章第三段内容可知，延长寿命让人们可以有更多的时间追逐梦想、陪伴爱人、看到自己后代的成长。第四段最后一句又指出，延长寿命还可以使我们工作更久。仅B项的内容在文中没有提到。
由文章第六段前三句的内容可知，如今人们保持婚姻越来越困难，离婚率也在上升。故本题选A。
A、C、D三项的内容都在文章第九段有所涉及，只有B项在文中没有提到。故本题选B。
由文章第十段和第十一段的内容可知，老龄化社会中，社会更关注的是使老年人生活得更安逸，变得拥有更多智慧，但少了一些活力，且缺乏对新事物的好奇和改变的激情。故本题选C。
由文章最后一段的内容可知，Daniel Callahan认为，在没有搞清老龄化社会将带来的问题之前，最好不要急于向这方面发展。

第8题：

People wouldn’t think a group leader ____ if he cared more about himself than others.

A. Average

B. curious

C. responsible

D. productive

答案：C

第9题：

A.love
B.hate
C.avoid
D.fear

答案：C

解析：

暂无解析

第10题：

共用题干
第三篇
How We Form First Impression
We all have first impression of someone、just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits?
The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be~of the world.Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits,Even very minor difference in how a person'5 eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information-the sights and sounds of your world.These incoming signals are compared against a host of "memories"stored in the brain areas called the cortex(皮质）system to determine what these new signals"mean".
If you see someone you know and like at school,your brain says"familiar and safe".If you see someone new it says,"new and potentially threatening".Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other"known"memories.The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures,and tone of voice are all matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics are,the more your brain may say,"This is new.I don ' t like this person ".Or else , " I'm intrigued（好奇的）".Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity,gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says,"I like this person".But these preliminary"impressions"can be dead wrong.
When we stereotype people,we use a less mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child)that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history,interest
values,strengths,and true character-we categorize them as jocks（骗子）,peeks（反常的人）,or freaks（怪人）.
However,if we resist initial stereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person's character,we use a different,more mature style of thinking-and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allow us to be humane。

If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures,your brain is most likely to say________.
A:"He is familiar and safe."
B:"He is new and potentially threatening."
C:"I like this person."
D:"This is new.I don't like this person."

答案：C

解析：

本文主要讲述了人们对陌生人的第一印象是如何形成的。
由文章第二段第二句和第三句话“Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits.Even very minor difference in...makes you see him or her as different.”可知，大脑对面部特征十分敏感，即使是每个人在眼睛、、耳朵或嘴部的细小差异也会使大脑察觉到其不同之处。由此可步测出，面部特征是我们对陌生人第一印象的重要影响因素。故选C。
由文章第三段倒数第二句话“Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes.so your brain says , 'I like this person'.”可知，当我们见到-个陌生人，但是他/她的服饰、毛势、民族特征等和我们的朋友相似时，我们的大脑就会产生一种“我喜欢他/她”的信号：故选C。
由文章第三段最后-句话“But these preliminary 'impressions' can be dead wrong.”可知，我们对别人的最初印象可能是完全错误的。"preliminary”意思为“初步的，开始的”，与initial（最初的开始的）意思相近。故选C。simplistic过分简单的；stereotypical模式化的；categorical明确的，至对的。
由文章第四段中“When we stereotype people...Rather than learn about the depth an breadth of people”可知，当我们对-个人形成模式化的印象之后，我们会用-种不成熟的思维方式来看待他，却没有去了解他思想上和人格上的深度和广度。故选A。
文章第-段提出了“为什么我们在还没有真正了解-个人时就已经形成了对他的第－印象？”这个问题；文章第二段前两句说这与大脑如何感知世界是息息相关的，大脑对面部特至十分敏感；文章第二、三和四段进一步论述了这-问题；文章最后一段讲如果我们拒绝模式不的第-印象，那么我们就会用更成熟的思维来了解-个人。由此可看出本文主要讲的是大脑对面部特征的敏锐感知使我们形成了对别人的第一印象。故选B。

填空题People have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.____

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