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Practice 1　　Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long

题目
问答题
Practice 1　　Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study.　　Job stress has been known to trigger heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease. Now Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll.　　Obesity, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease — a leading killer in many industrialized countries.　　But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.　　Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal.　　Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated.　　Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is combined with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities.　　The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees.　　"It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes," the foundation said in a statement.
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
【参考译文】
研究表明:在健康人群中,那些工作时间很长但是却对工作现状不满的人死于心脏疾病的几率是正常人的两倍。
众所周知,对于心血管功能不好的人来说,太大的工作压力更容易引起心血管疾病。但最近芬兰科学家的研究结果告诉我们,即便对于健康人来说,工作压力仍有可能夺去他们宝贵的生命。
在许多发达的工业化国家,心脏病是夺走人们健康的头号杀手,而引起心脏病的因素有很多,包括肥胖、高血压、缺乏锻炼、抽烟甚至体重超重等等。
然而,在过去的25年里,芬兰职业卫生研究所米卡·基维迈基和他的同事们对芬兰一家金属公司的812名健康芬兰职工进行了长期的病史跟踪研究。结论是:工作压力过大同样也是导致心脏病发作的重要因素之一。
基维迈基将自己的研究结果发表在《英国医学杂志》上,文中他提到,他在研究初期发现,工作压力过大的人群死于心脏病的几率是正常人的两倍之多。
工作压力包含很多方面,如工作量过大、对工作感到不满意、或在工作中不得志等。
有时经常会出现这样一种情况:许多人工作量也相当大,但是工作很有成效,这种情况下工作压力就会相对减轻。基维迈基说工作量过大的人如果遇上差劲的管理、糟糕的上司和黯淡的工作前景,工作压力就会骤增,对健康的破坏力也同时加强。
英国心脏基金会认为基维迈基的这一调查与基金会早前的一项研究结果一致。在那份研究中他们得出的结论是:在工作控制较低的行业工作的人,如体力劳动者,得心脏病的几率就明显高于其他行业。
基金会的一份文件中这样写道:建议人们平时在工作当中要量力而行,尽量将工作压力降到最小程度。同时雇主们也要尽量减轻员工的工作压力,改善管理体系并及时论功行赏。
解析： 暂无解析
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Today there are ()computers in our homes and offices than there are people who live and work in them.

A.less

B.more

C.little

D.lotsof


参考答案：B

more…than…的含义是“比…更”。今天在我们的家里和办公室里，计算机的数量要比使用它们来生活和工作的人还要多。

第2题：

People who hate public speaking probably ____ consider jobs such as teaching or broadcast journalism.

A. shouldn’t

B. should

C. wouldn't

D. would


正确答案：A

第3题：

People who won’t work should be mad e _______.

A.to work

B.work

C.working

D.to be working


正确答案：A

第4题：

Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000（4.4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000（7.9percent）from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However,Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?

A.The prospect of a thriving job market.
B.The increase of voluntary parttime jobs.
C.The possibility of full employment.
D.The acceleration of job creation.

答案：B
解析：
细节题【命题思路】这是一道细节题。主要考查考生准确理解题干，精准定位，并能正确划分和掌握定位信息的能力。【直击答案】根据题干关键信息“job pictures，neglected”定位到第二段第一句“the jobs picture…was largely overlooked”，其中“neglected是overlooked”的同义替换。第二句具体指出被忽略的部分是“there was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working parttime”，即有大量的人自愿从事兼职工作。比对四个选项，确定正确答案为B项。其中“increase”是原文“jump”的同义替换，“voluntary parttime jobs”是“voluntarily working parttime”的同义转述。【干扰排除】A、D两项均表明就业形势良好，并没有说这种现象被忽视，与题干不相关，故排除。文中第一段只是客观描述了我们依然要走很长的路才能达到全民就业，而并不是说这种问题被忽略，故C项排除。

第5题：

共用题干
Breakfast

Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school.It doesn't take much
further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well.
Whether you work at home,on the farm,at the office,at school,or on the road,it is not
a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.
If we don't eat breakfast,we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run
low on fuel.By mid-morning,a lot of us grab a cup of coffee,or wolf down a sugary candy
bar to wake up again.This might work for a few minutes,but by lunchtime we are hungry,
bad-tempered,and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy
choices at lunch.Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.
People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight.Many
people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals,but that isn't a good idea.The
body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast.
A healthy breakfast should contain some protein（蛋白质）and some fiber（纤维）.Protein
can come from meat,eggs,beans,or soy（大豆）.Fiber can be found in whole cereals（谷
物）,grains or in fruits.A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple
like a hard boiled egg,an orange,and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.

Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at work.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：A
解析：

第6题：

This passage is intended to __________.

A． discuss part-time jobs for students in general

B． encourage students to take up part-time jobs

C． show the benefits of part-time jobs to students' studies

D． praise boys and girls who work part time


正确答案：A
文章主旨题。文章分别讨论了在男生和女生中流行的兼职工作，因此A项正确，其余各项均与文章主题无关。
参考译文：
打零工在美国大学生中非常盛行，但是其实许多学生高中起就开始打工了。除了在快餐店打工，另一个在青少年中很流行的工作是临时保姆。这项工作尤其适合女孩，一个可靠、负责和成熟的临时保姆可以挣到不少钱。
而这项工作不一定是份轻松的活儿，它需要社交技巧和综合能力。一个好的临时保姆要会换尿布，还得赢得她照看的孩子的尊重，她得哄孩子上床，即使孩子睡着了也不能掉以轻心。此外，她得知道如何运用常识处理突发状况并且随时保持冷静。她还得在需要协助的情况下知道医院和警方的紧急联系方式。
一旦孩子睡着了，临时保姆就可以看电视或者听音牙。如果真的在乎学业，还可以将这些时间用于做功课。但是不能煲电话粥，因为家长在这期间可能会与她联系。
另一个在男孩中流行的工作是送报纸，这项工作同样需要成熟、稳重与责任感。它可以为高中生带来不错的收入。从事这项工作必须很早起床并且风雨无阻地将报纸送到每家每户，没有假日，也没有例外。

第7题：

Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?

A They work long hours.
B They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C They don't want to be healthy eaters.
D They want to save money for their children

答案：C
解析：

第8题：

Determining “who will do what job” and “how people doing the jobs are grouped together” is the first step in organizing a business enterprise.()

此题为判断题(对，错)。


正确答案:√

第9题：

共用题干
Breakfast

Studies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school.It doesn't take much
further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well.
Whether you work at home,on the farm,at the office,at school,or on the road,it is not
a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.
If we don't eat breakfast,we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run
low on fuel.By mid-morning,a lot of us grab a cup of coffee,or wolf down a sugary candy
bar to wake up again.This might work for a few minutes,but by lunchtime we are hungry,
bad-tempered,and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy
choices at lunch.Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.
People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight.Many
people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals,but that isn't a good idea.The
body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast.
A healthy breakfast should contain some protein（蛋白质）and some fiber（纤维）.Protein
can come from meat,eggs,beans,or soy（大豆）.Fiber can be found in whole cereals（谷
物）,grains or in fruits.A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple
like a hard boiled egg,an orange,and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.

People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：C
解析：

第10题：

Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000（4.4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000（7.9percent）from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However,Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
The text mainly discusses____

A.employment in the US
B.parttimer classification
C.insurance through Medicaid
D.Obamacare's trouble

答案：A
解析：
主旨题【命题思路】这是一道主旨题。主要考查考生对全文主题的把握，要求考生能用具有概括性的语言全面总结全文中心思想。【直击答案】本题难度稍大，建议归纳各段要点，综合排除得出正确答案。文章首段指出目前的失业率呈现出下降的趋势；第二段提出在这种失业率下降的好现象中，我们忽略了那些自愿（voluntary）参加兼职工作的人。第三段就自愿兼职工作者和非自愿兼职工作者的区别展开描述。最后两段表明，那些自愿参加兼职工作的人是因为有了一项名为Obamacare的政策，该政策旨在使那些没有全职工作的人也有可能获得保险，从而提升就业率。可见，全文都是围绕美国的就业形势展开讨论。故A项正确。【干扰排除】B项无中生有。C项中的“Medicaid”仅出现在文章结尾，属于细节干扰。D项与作者立场相反，故排除。

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