In a grammar-translation method classroom, reading and writi

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What are the main techniques used in a Grammar-Translation classroom?
A Grammar-Translation teacher usually uses the following techniques to help realize the course objectives:
1) Reading,
2) Translation,
3) Deductive teaching of grammar,
4) Analysis and comparison,
5) Memorization,
6) Reading comprehension questions,
7) Written work such as fill-in-the-blanks, using new words to make up sentences, and so on.
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What is the focus of a Grammar-Translation classroom?
The focus of a Grammar-Translation Method is grammar. The process of learning grammar is considered an important means of training mental abilities. The teaching materials are arranged according to the grammatical system.
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Why is first language forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?
The direct methodologists view foreign language learning as similar to first language acquisition. The learner should try to establish a direct association between language form s and meanings in the target language. Mother tongue is considered as an interfering factor, rather than a reference. In order to develop the students’ ability to communicate in the target language, students should be encouraged to think in the target language. The best method is not to make the learn the rules, but to provide direct practice in speaking and listening through imitation and repetition. The best method to teaching meaning is to make the students listen, look, and say, i.e. using sensory experience.
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第7题：

In a grammar-translation method classroom, reading and writing are the major focus; little or no systematic attention is paid to speaking or listening, because literary language is considered superior to spoken language and is therefore the language students should study.（）

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of grammar-translation method?
The main advantages of this method are: first, comparison between two languages helps students to have a better understanding of the meaning of abstract words and complicated sentences. Second, systematic study of grammatical rules plays an important role in fostering students' ability of reading comprehension and producing grammatically correct sentences. Understanding and manipulating the morphology and syntax will develop students' ability of analyzing and solving problems. Third, the focus on understanding literary texts provides the situation in which reading and writing abilities are well trained. Fourth, it makes few demands on teachers although it often creates frustration for students. It is relatively easy to apply.
Disadvantages in this method are: First, overemphasis on translation can never emancipate the learners from dependence on the first language. Second, knowing a large number of grammatical rules cannot ensure that students can use them appropriately in real communicative situation. Third, it puts too much emphasis on reading and writing and neglects listening and speaking. Fourth, the texts are mostly taken from literary works. The language learned often doesn't meet the practical needs of the learners. Fifth, memorizing grammar rules and bilingual word lists does not motivate students to actively communicate in the target language.
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第10题：

What language skills are emphasized by the Grammar-translation Method?
Reading and writing are emphasized because literary language is regarded as superior to spoken language and is therefore the language students should study. This emphasis on reading and writing skills also results from the purpose of learning Latin: to read and translate the classical literature of Latin.
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