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Although recent years have seen（）reductions in noxious pollu

题目
单选题
Although recent years have seen（）reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.
A

substantial

B

substance

C

submit

D

subjective

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第1题：

3 Better budgeting in recent years may have been seen as a movement from ‘incremental budgeting’ to alternative

budgeting approaches.

However, academic studies (e.g. Beyond Budgeting – Hope & Fraser) argue that the annual budget model may be

seen as (i) having a number of inherent weaknesses and (ii) acting as a barrier to the effective implementation of

alternative models for use in the accomplishment of strategic change.

Required:

(a) Identify and comment on FIVE inherent weaknesses of the annual budget model irrespective of the budgeting

approach that is applied. (8 marks)


正确答案：
(a) The weaknesses of traditional budgeting processes include the following:
– many commentators, including Hope and Fraser, contend that budgets prepared under traditional processes add little
value and require far too much valuable management time which would be better spent elsewhere.
– too heavy a reliance on the ‘agreed’ budget has an adverse impact on management behaviour which can become
dysfunctional having regard to the objectives of the organisation as a whole.
– the use of budgeting as base for communicating corporate goals, setting objectives, continuous improvement, etc is seen
as contrary to the original purpose of budgeting as a financial control mechanism.
– most budgets are not based on a rational causal model of resource consumption but are often the result of protracted
internal bargaining processes.
– conformance to budget is not seen as compatible with a drive towards continuous improvement.
– budgeting has an insufficient external focus.

第2题：

John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.

A had been; have seen

B have been; have seen

C had been; had seen

D have been; had seen


参考答案：D

第3题：

－ I haven't seen Belly for 10 years. －().

A、Either have I

B、Neither have I

C、So have I


参考答案：B

第4题：

Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be（ ）in a single large building.

A.consisted
B.contained
C.composed
D.comprised

答案：B
解析：
本题四个选项中，A.consist of（in），C.compose（of）不符合上下文结构，首先排除；而B.contain和D.comprise都有“由……构成”的意思，但只有contain具有“包含，内含”（have within itself）的意思，符合文意，所以选[B]。

第5题：

Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years.

A:extended
B:emphasized
C:distorted
D:illustrated

答案：B
解析：
本句意思：这两个事件的发生突出了最近几年的紧张局势。highlight意思是“突出，强调”，与 emphasize（强调）意思相近。extend延伸，扩大；distort扭曲，变形；illustrate阐明，举例说明。

第6题：

In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ( ).

A、the better will our holiday be

B、the better our holiday will be

C、our holidays will be the better

D、our holiday will be better


参考答案：B

第7题：

– I haven't seen Belly for 10 years.– ( ).

A. Either have I

B. Neither have I

C. Haven't I

D. So have I


正确答案:B

第8题：

－I haven't seen Billy for 10 years.－( )

A. Either have I.

B. So have I.

C. Haven't I.

D. Neither have I.


正确答案：D

第9题：

Two events have highlighted the tensions in recent years.

A:extended
B:emphasized
C:distorted
D:illustrated

答案：B
解析：
本句意思：这两个事件的发生强调了最近几年的紧张关系。extend的意思为“延伸，扩 大”;emphasize的意思为“强调”;distort的意思为“扭曲，变形”;illustrate的意思为“阐明，举例 说明”。highlight的意思为“突出；强调”，和emphasize的意思接近。

第10题：

Much __________ I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in efficiency.

A.although
B.as
C.while
D.if

答案：B
解析：
此题为“as”引导让步状语从句时的倒装结构。旬意为：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她有效率的人。故选B。

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