screening

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第二篇

CT Scans and Lung Cancer

Small or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors
over the next two years,researchers reported on Wednesday.
The findings,reported in the New England Journal of Medicine,could help doctors decide when to do
more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and
potentially harmful testing when lesions（损伤）are found.
Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally,is often not diagnosed until it
has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone.
The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such
growths,often discovered by accident,appear in a scan.
High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors一but they see all sorts of other blobs
（模糊的一团）that are not tumors , and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy（活检）,
a dangerous procedure.
At the moment,routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and
because too many healthy people are called back for further testing.
Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening practical,Dr. Rob van Kiaveren of the Erasmus
Medical Center in Rotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the new study,said in a telephone interview.
The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current or former
smokers. All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking
nodules.
Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width,or had growth of 4. 6 mm that grew fast enough to more
than double in volume every 400 days,were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category,
70 were found to have lung cancer;10 additional cases were found years later.
But of the 7 ,361 who tested negative during screening,only 20 lung cancer cases later developed.
In a second round of screening done one year after the first,1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they
had a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer.
The result means that if the screening test says you don't have lung cancer,you probably don't,the re-
searchers said."The chances of finding lung cancer one or two years after a negative first-round test were
1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respectively,"they concluded.

The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules__________.
A:you cannot be too careful
B:cancer is just a matter of time
C:a biopsy is unnecessary
D:more aggressive testing is a must

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Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health
Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline（基线）eye exams at age 40,says the American Academy of Ophthalmology(AAO)（美国眼科学会）.
The reminder（提示）is part of the AAO's EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.
“Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,”Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a clin-ical correspondent for the AAO,said in a prepared statement.“Gradual changes in vision can af-fect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities.”
Based on the findings from the initial screening,an eye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.
People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or are at high risk due to family history, diabetes（糖尿病）or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctor to determine how often they should have their eyes checked,the AAO recommends .By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cata-racts（白内障）and glaucoma（青光眼）. That's a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.
But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk of vision loss.Only 23 percent of Amer- icans are very concerned about losing their vision,while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss,according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.

A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned

Human resources workers serve a vital ( ) in screening qualified candidates for the company's
managerial positions.

A. play

B. function

C. skill

D. piece

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第二篇

New U. S. Plan for Disease Prevention

Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health,Health and Human Services
Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to
encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease,cancer
and diabetes（糖尿病）.
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases一the leading causes of death in
the United States一and outlines ways that people can prevent them,including better diet
and increased exercise.
"In the United States today,7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness,
disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,"the Health and Human
Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral一smoking,poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy
choice for our future,"Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating
diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in
2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable,yet we as
a nation are not taking the steps necessary for us to lead healthier,longer lives,"he said.
The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention,pushing for
changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and
diabetes,and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations,clinics and nutritionists who are
being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can
do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by
screening, including Pap tests（巴 氏实验）for cervical（子宫颈的）cancer,
mammograms（乳房X线照片）for breast cancer, colonoscopies（结肠镜检查）,and
prostate（前列腺的）checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening,the group estimates that the survival
rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.

Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly
A:the death rates for all chronic diseases.
B: the kinds of cancer attacking people.
C:the incidence rate for cancer.
D:the death rate for cancer.