第3题：
问答题
Guitar Today we tell about a very popular musical instrument. Listen and see if you can guess what it is. If you guess it was a guitar, you are correct. The Museum of Fine Arts in the eastern city of Boston, Massachusetts, recently began showing a collection of guitars. The exhibit is called Dangerous Curves: The Art of the Guitar. It shows how the instrument developed during the past four centuries. Probably no other musical instrument is as poplar around the world as guitar. Musicians use the guitar for almost every kind of music. Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The second of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument. Music exports do not agree about where the guitar first was played. Most agree it is ancient. Some experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than a thousand years ago. Some other experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the seventeen hundreds it became similar to the instrument we know today. Many famous musicians played the instrument. The famous Italian violinist Niccolo Paganinni played and wrote music for the guitar in the early eighteen hundreds. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works. In modem times Spanish guitarist Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular. One kind of music for the guitar developed in the southern area of Spain called Adalusia. It will always be strongly linked with the Spanish guitar. It is called Flamenco. One guitar in the Boston Fine Arts display was played by Les Paul. It is a very old electric guitar. Mister Paul began experimenting with ways to make an electric guitar in the nineteen thirties. The Gibson Guitar Company began producing its famous Les Paul Guitar in 1952. The instrument has the same shape and the same six strings as the traditional guitar, but it sounds very different. Listen to a Les Paul recording. It was the fifth most popular song in the United States in 1952. The guitar has always been important to blues music. The electric guitar Mister Paul helped develop made modem blues music possible: There have been many great blues guitarists. Yet, music experts say all blues guitar players are measured against one man and his famous guitar. That man is B-B King. Every blues fan knows that years ago B-B King named his guitar Lucille. Here B-B King plays Lucille on his famous recording of The Thrill Is Gone B-B King’s guitar, Lucille, is so important to American music that the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC has asked for it. They want to display the large, beautiful black guitar in one of the museums because it is a part of American culture. Another famous guitar in American music also has a name. It belongs to country music star Willie Nelson. His guitar is as famous in country music as Lucille is in blues music. Its name is Trigger. Trigger is really a very ugly guitar. It looks like an old, broken instrument someone threw away. Several famous people have written their names on it. A huge hole was tom in the front of it a long time ago. It looks severely damaged. But the huge hole, the names and other marks seem to add to its sound. Listen while Willie Nelson and Trigger play of, Angel Flying Too Close To the Ground.
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【参考译文】
吉他 今天我们谈论的是非常流行的一种乐器。听听它的音质你能猜出来是什么乐器吗?
如果你猜是一把吉他,那你就猜对了。坐落在马萨诸塞州的波士顿东部的美术馆近期进行了一次吉他展览。这次展览被称为“危险的曲线:吉他的艺术”。它向人们展示了在过去的四百年来吉他的发展史。
或许在整个世界上还没有别的乐器像吉他这样深受大家喜爱。音乐家几乎可以用吉他弹奏所有的音乐。没有吉他,乡村音乐和西洋音乐将大不一样。没有吉他,被称为弗拉门科的西班牙传统民谣将不复存在。没有吉他的悲泣声,美国的第二布鲁斯音乐也失去了原有的风格。没有吉他,也就没有摇滚音乐。
音乐家至今对吉他最早演奏的地方还各持己见。绝大多数人认为是在远古时代。一些专家认为早在一千多年前一种非常类似于吉他的乐器曾在埃及弹奏。另外有一些专家认为现代吉他的远祖是在12世纪的某个时期从波斯传入了西班牙。吉他在西班牙继续发展。到了l8世纪它就接近了现今的吉他。
很多知名的音乐家弹奏吉他。在19世纪早期,意大利著名的小提琴家尼珂洛·帕加尼尼就弹奏过吉他并为吉他谱曲。费朗茨·舒伯特曾经用吉他谱写过他的一些著名的乐章。
现代西班牙吉他弹奏家安卓斯·斯高维亚使这种乐器格外地受人欢迎。在西班牙南部爱达露西雅地区发展起来了一种吉他音乐,它与西班牙的吉他紧密相连,被称为弗拉门科民歌。
在波士顿的艺术博览馆有一把曾经被雷斯·保罗弹奏过的吉他。这是一把很古老的电子吉他。保罗先生在20世纪30年代就开始采用各种方法研制电吉他。吉普森公司在1952年开始生产它著名的雷斯·保罗牌吉他。这种吉他和传统的吉他有着相同的形状,同样也是六根弦,但声音却截然不同。让我们听一听雷斯·保罗的唱片,在1952年它名列美国最畅销排行榜的第五名。
吉他对爵士乐一直都很重要。保罗先生的电子吉他使现代爵士音乐的发展成为了可能。同时也产生了很多伟大的爵士乐吉他演奏家。但是音乐家却认为所有的爵士乐的演奏家都是由一个人以及他著名的吉他来衡量的。这个人就是B—B金。所有爵士乐的歌迷都知道数年前 B—B金把他的吉他命名为露西蕾。B-B金用他的露西蕾演奏了他著名的唱片《颤栗消散》。 B—B金的露西蕾对美国音乐非常重要,以至于华盛顿的史密森学会想收藏它。他们想把这把体积大且美观的黑色吉他展列在一家博物馆里,因为这把吉他是美国文化的一部分。
另一把在美国音乐史上占据一席之位的吉他也有名字。它属于乡村音乐歌星威利·纳尔逊。在乡村音乐中纳尔逊的吉他和爵士音乐中的露西蕾吉他享有一样的盛名。这把吉他的名字叫“扳机”。“扳机”实在是一把很丑的吉他。它看上去像一把被人扔掉的、破旧不堪的乐器。好几位名人都在上面签上了自己的名字。很早以前它的前部就被戳了一个大洞。损伤十分严重。而就是这个洞、那些签名以及其他的标记似乎为它增色不少。听纳尔逊和“扳机”演奏的《飞翔的天使离地面太近》。
解析：
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